GEOHGK R. CLARK^ «. I'. Cl.AS. P. S1LVA.
CLAKKE, LAYTON & CO,,
REAL ESTATE AGENTS,
In 1853,)
128 Washington Street,
ADJOININO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,
CHICA.GO, ILLINOIS.
BUY & SELL REAL ESTATE ON COMMISSION.
MONEY INVESTED FOR NON-RESIDENTS.
We have made from 50 to 200 per cent, per annum
on investments for Non-residents, during the last
three years.
Refer to the permanent business men of the city.
2
Heal Estate Agents.,
AND
LOA1V BROKERS,
106 Madison Street, Room Ko. 2. . CHICAGO.
ALL KINDS OF PROPERTY BOUGHT AND SOLD.
A. M. KINZIB. __ QEORQB H. K1NZIE.
MclNTYRE, PECK & CO.,
13O fcState Street, - -
IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN
OIL PAINTINGS, CHROM03, ENGRAVINGS, Ac.
Picture Mouldings, Frames, Cord, Tassels, Screw Eyes,
Class, <Stc., &c. *-.'.. .
EXCLUSIVE AGENTS FOR THE NORTHWEST FOR
Briggs' New Patent Parlor Billiard Tables,
Examine our complete Stock and Prices before purchasing elsewhere.
THE ONLY PRACTICAL
ADDING MACHINE,
Which will add swiftly and accurately
EIGHT COLUMNS OF FIGURES AT ONCE.
SIMPLE ! and cannot get out of order. The ONLY Machine by
which fractions can be added on the same machine, and at the same
time. Invaluable for every branch of business. Buy no other until
you have st-en it. I?rioe JJJ15.
On exhibition and for sale at 94 WASHINGTON STREET, CHI-
CAG0' only CMAS. WAITE, Jr.
BOYDEN & GRIERSON,
REAL
Estate Agents,
AND
LOAN BROKERS,
94 LA SALLE STREET,
CHICAGO.
Merchants Ins. Co.'s Building, Room 14, Second Floor.
JAMKS W. BOYDKN. JOHN C. GRIERSON.
4
THOMAS D. 5NYDER. J. LEWIS LEK.
Real Estate
AND
LOAN AGENTS,
Eoom 4, Metropolitan Block,
Corner of Randolph and La Salle Streets,
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
REAL ESTATE PURCHASED,
MANAGED AND SOLD.
Taxes Paid for If on
LOANS MADE ON EEAL ESTATE IN CHICAGO
FOB A TERM OP YEARS.
5
BANKER BROS. & GREENE,
BROKERS,
434 La Sal le Street, . » . CH I C AG O .
REAL ESTATE BOUGHT, MANAGED AND SOLD.
TAXES PAID FOR NON-RESIDENTS.
Monies invested for a term of years on Bond and First Mortgage.
Interest made payable semi-annually, East or West, at
option of lender.
LOANS MADE ON REAL ESTATE IN CHICAGO.
We refer by permission to Hon. Wra. M. Evarts, 49 Wall Street,
New York ; George W. Banker, Esq., 129 Maiden Lane, New York ; H.
G. Bulkley, Esq., 185 Fulton Street, New York; Hon. E. R. Hoar,
Attorney-General U. 8., Washington, D, 0. ; Messrs. S. G. Bowdlear
& Co., 192 and 194 State Street, Boston; J. E. Greene, Esq., Editor
Worcester Spy, Worcester, Mass. ; Hon. Warren Currier, St. Louis,
Mo. ; Merrll Ladd, Esq., President Mutual Life Insurance Company of
Chicago; P. H. Willard, Esq., Treasurer of the above Company; H.
W. Hinsdale, Esq., Capitalist, Chicago; Benj. V. Page, Esq., Vice-
President Mechanics' National Bank, Chicago ; Fuller, Finch & Fuller,
Wholesale Druggists, Chicago.
BAIRD & BRADLEY,
Loan Agency and Real Estate Office,
1PHCENIX BUILDING,
No, 90 LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO.
Particular attention given to the negotiation of LOANS secured by
Bond and First Mortgage, and to the Management, Purchase and
Sale of Real Estate, including the Payment of Taxes, &o.
WARREN & GOODRICH,
Real Estate Brokers*
No. l '^n Deartoorn Street,
Rooms I, 2 A3. CHICAGO ILL.
L. H. ffTREETER.
D. a. CLABK. P. J. THWAITE8.
Clark, Streeter & Co,,
AND LOAN AGENTS,
122 Washington St., CHICAGO.
Houses Rented, Rents Collected, Taxes Paid. Ap-
plications for Insurance received here for
Lake County.
OFFICE,
D. M. Erskine & Co , Auctioneers,
WAUKECAN, LAKE CO., ILL.
FARMS AND WELLINQS POE SALE OR REFT,
Correspondence and Consignments solicited.
7
OLINGER, WALLER & CO.,
REAL ESTATE AGENTS
AND
Boom 7, Union Bnilding,
Corner of LaSalle anil I asMiton Streets,
HAVE A LARGE LIST OF
IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED
JEt O I* DB3 JEt T
IN ALL PARTS OF THE CITY.
ACRE PRQ>P1RTY A SPECIALTY.
JOHH P. OLDIOKX. fTILLIAM 8. WALLUU «D. C. WALLKB.
a
CHICAGO.
fjAND BOOK FOR STRANGERS & TOURISTS
CONTAINING
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT; AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND
PROGRESS OF THE CITY; DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC
BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, INSTITUTIONS,
AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST, ETC.
.A. BOOIC
INDISPENSABLE TO STRANGERS AND VISITORS.
CHICAGO:
HALTIN, HAYES AND MCCLURE, PUBLISHERS,
1869.
Entered according- to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by HALPIN,
HAYES & MCCLURE, in the Clerk's Office of the District
Court of the United States, in the Northern District
of Illinois.
Press of Church, Goodman & Donnelley.
GEO. DELOYNBS. GEO. W. PARENT.
DELOYNES & PAKENT,
REAL ESTATE,
152 MADISON ST.,
Room 2, - Major Block,
CHICAGO, ILL.
10
11
' II PI
. II* r k
^
Real Estate
AND
115 Dearborn St., CHICAGO.
Particular attention paid to sub-dividing and selling
property at public and private sale. Will purchase
half interest with residents or non-residents and
divide proceeds. Money loaned on best
real estate security, to net-lenders ten
per cent. Taxes paid for non-
residents and property
attended to.
REFERENCES:
A. C. & O. F. Badger, Bankers, Chicago; Fourth
National Bank, Chicago; Geo. S. Coe, President
American Exchange Bank, New York; Chas. S. Brown
President American National Bank, New York; Jay
Cook & Co., Bankers, New York; Nathaniel Harris,
President National Atlantic Bank, Boston; N. A.
Burroughs, President Ketanning Coal Co , Phila-
delphia ; Allen, Copp & Nisbet, Bankers, St. Louis.
12
••
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGB.
Academyof the Christian Brothers 76
Academy of Sciences 80
Amusement, places of 124
Art Galleries 142
Artesian Wells 55, 59
Banking in Chicago 106
Boot and Shoe Manufactures 160
Boulevards and Parks 89
Business Directory 173
Catholic Library Association 82
Chamber of Commerce 101
Charitable Asylums 95
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 100
Charity Dispensary 99
Chicago Clearing House 106
Chicago Li brary Association 82
Chicago Medical College 78
Chicago Theological Seminary 73
Chicago University .' 71
Churches in Chicago 86, 93
City Dispensary 99
-^Commerce of Chicago 26
Crib, The Lake 48
C ustom House 101
"Dearborn Park 43
-Dispensaries 42
Distances on the Pacific Railroad 70
Elevators 28
Erring Woman's Refuge 94
Foreign Consuls in Chicago 84
; Garrett Biblical Institute 74
Grain Trade 28
^ Hahnemann Medical College 78
Harbor and River 44
Historical Retrospect 19
Historical Society 81
Hospitals and Dispensaries 97
Hotel for Invalids 94
Hotels 134
~ Industrial School 104
' Insurance Companies 109
Irish Literary Association 82
iff Jefferson Park 43
Lake Marine 24
Lake Tunnel 49
Libraries * 81
Lincoln Park... 89
14 Table of Contents.
Literary and Scientific Institutions 80
Lumber Trade . .- 81
Marine Hospital 97
Masonic and Odd Fellows' Guide 133
Medical Colleges 76
New Pier 46
New West, The 68
Newspapers and Publications 85
Observatory 71
Opera House ; 122
Orphan Asylums 96
Pacific Railroad 63
Parks and Boulevards 89
Places of Amusements 122
Population of Chicago 84
Population of the New West 63
Post Office 101
Provision Trade 29
Public Buildings ' 101
Ravenswood 165
Reading Rooms .. 83
Real Estate 22
Reformatory Institutions 94
Restaurants 188
River and Harbor 44
River Tunnels 51
Savings' Banks 107
Schools 78
Slope of the Pacific, The 63
South Side Parka and Boulevards 41
Steamboat and Transportation Companies 84
Stock Yards 56
Suburban Villages 165
Telegraph Companies 88
Territory of the New West 63
Theatres 122
Tonnage of Vessels 24
Trade and Commerce 21
Union Park 42
Union Stock Yards 56
Universities and Colleges 71
VernonPark 43
Village of Jefferson 170
Washington Heights 167
Washingtonian Home 94
Washington Park 43
Washington Street Tunnel . 51
West Side Parks 42
Woodland and Groveland.. . . 48
•
15
PATENT HINGE TURN-UP SEAT DESKS,
FIVE SIZES.
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
Office Desks and School Furniture.
o
tt
Everything pertaining to the Furnishing of Schools,
Halls, Churches or Colleges. Cutter's Physiological Charts, Tab-
lets. Cards, Charts and Globes of all kinds. Holbrook and Philo-
sophical Apparatus, Magic Lanterns and Slides.
43- Address for Illustrated Catalogue and Prioes of each
department,
A. H. ANDREWS & CO., Manufacturers,
111 State Street. CHICAGO.
16
17
E.P.DWYER&CO.,
IMPO RTERS
D
RUGGISTS,
92 AND 94 LAKE STREET,
CHICAGO, - - - ILLINOIS,
Offer to the Trade one of the largest and most com-
plete stocks to be found in any Drug House west
of New York City. An examination of our
stock and prices is respectfully invited.
E. P. DWYER & CO.
Acids, Brushes all kinds, Chamois Skins, Corks all kinds,
Drugs, Dye Woods, Dye Stuffs, Essential Oils, Glass-
ware, all kinds, Indigoes. all kinds, Japonica, Oils, all
kinds, Patent Medicines, Rosins, Sal Soda, Soda-Ash,
Soda, Caustic, American ; Soda, Caustic, English ;
Sponges, all kinds, Tieman & Go's Colors, Dry and in
Oil, Tilden & Go's Solid and Fluid Extracts, Wm.
Tilden & Nephew, Varnishes, J. P. Smith & Sons',
Varnishes, Window Glass, White Leads.
Agents for Congress and Empire Spring Co. Sara-
toga Waters, Getttysburg Water, Missisquoi Water,
Parke, Jenning & Go's Fluid Extracts, Norwood's
American Isinglass.
The Qualities of the Goods In which we deal will always be of the
ver , best obtainable, and put up neatly and carefully by experienced
employees.
We do not employ Traveling Agents, being satisfied Goods can be
sold at a lower margin of profit by Customers sending us their orders
direct by mail. They may rest assured of getting the benefit of any de-
cline in value of Goods, and prices will be as low as if the purchaser
were in market.
18
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT.
Early in the year 1673 a party of five Frenchmen,
under the lead of Louis Joliet, set out from Canada, for
the purpose of discovering the source of the Mississippi
river. The celebrated French Jesuit, Pere Jacques
Marquette accompanied the party as a missionary
amongst the Indian tribes. Returning home, after a
toilsome and adventurous journey, they took a different
route, and touching the shores of Lake Michigan, they
entered the mouth of a small creek, which the natives
called Chicagon. This is the first record we find of
Chicago River. In 1795, in a treaty with the Indian
tribes inhabiting this part of the country, the United
States acquired several tracts of land, among which we
find recorded a tract of land " six miles square, at the
mouth of Chicago river," which then entered the lake
about half a mile south of its present mouth, as de-
scribed in a subsequent article in this book treating of
the river. The first white man who became a perma-
nent settler here was Mr. John Kinzie, an Indian
trader, who crossed the lake from St. Joseph, Michi-
gan, in 1804. He was the founder of the commerce of
Chicago, which then consisted simply in bartering with
the Indians for the furs and peltries which were col-
lected by them in the country bordering the Mississippi
and Illinois rivers, carried across the portage between
the Illinois and Chicago rivers, and then transmitted
east in small vessels. About this time the first fort
was erected — a common frontier block-house, which
was situated near the site of Rush street bridge, on the
south side of the river. Outside the fort Chicago then
consisted of but five houses : first, Mr. Kinzie's, on the
north side of Hie river, opposite the fort, and a little
west of this the residence of a Frenchman, named
Ouilmette, employed by Mr. Kiuzie, and still further
20 Historical Retrospect.
west, where the railroad depot on North Wells street
now stands, the cottage of a discharged soldier named
Burns. There was also the agency house or factory,
where the goods were stored, and the intercourse with
the Indians took place. This building stood west of
and outside the fort; south of this again was Mr.
Lee's farm.
The Indian tribes who occupied the country around
Chicago were the Potawatomies, the Miamies, the
Winnebagoes, the Sauks and Foxes, and the Kicka-
poos. On the loth of August, 1812, occurred the fear-
ful Indian massacre, which forms such a dark and
bloody epoch in the early history of Chicago.
In July, 1815, at a grand congress of the Indian
tribes of the Northwest, assembled at Portage des
Sioux, on the Mississippi, a treaty of peace was negoti-
ated between them and the United States Government.
By another treaty, made in August, 1816, all the region
of country lying between the Illinois river and Chicago
was ceded to the United States. This was effected, it
is said, for the purpose of building a canal to connect
Lake Michigan with the Illinois river. Four years
after the massacre by the Indians and destruction of
the fort the troops returned to the neighborhood, and
erected a new fort on the site of the former one. This
last remained standing as late as 1857, when it was
removed by the city authorities.
In this new fort the troops remained until May, 1823,
when the place was left to the care of the Indian agent
and several families who had arrived here. In 1828
the fort was again occupied by troops, a second mas-
sacre being threatened by the Winnebagoes. In 1882,
at the breaking out of the Sauk war, the fort was gar-
risoned by a detachment of regular troops under com-
mand of Gen. Scott. In 1836 the Indians were removed,
and the fort had no further need of a garrison. In
1830 Chicago had twelve houses and three suburban
residences on Madison street. The population num-
bered about one hundred souls, including half breed
Indians and negroes. August 10th, 1833, the town of
Chicago was organized, by the election of five trustees.
There were then twenty-eight voters. The town was
Trade and Commerce. 21
incorporated as a city March 4th, 1837, and the first
municipal election was held May 1st, 1837. On the 1st
of July of this year the first official census was taken.
Population, 4,170. The city then contained 4 store-
houses, 398 dwellings, 29 stores for dry goods and vari-
eties, 5 hardware stores, 3 drug, and 19 grocery and
provision stores, 10 taverns, 26 groceries, 17 lawyer's
offices, and 5 churches.
The only news of the outside world obtained in those
days was by a half-breed Indian, wlio journeyed on
foot, once in two weeks, to Niles, Michigan, for papers
and letters, the trip usually consuming a week.
The first Circuit Court was held in 1831. The pub-
lic expenses of Cook County, which then included Du
Page, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties, for the year
1832, were $252.35, and the receipts from licenses and
taxes, to pay the same, amounted to $278.28.
Such is a brief outline of the more notable events
which marked the early days of Chicago. But little
more than sixty years since the first white man made
this his home — here, where now the merchant princes
of a great metropolis luxuriate in costly marble palaces,
and view the waters of Lake Michigan whitened by
the argosies of a vast commerce — fifty years ago the
savages of the wilderness satisfied their thirst for blood,
and exultingly celebrated by the blaze of a burning fort
the massacre of its garrison.
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
In 1840 Chicago was a trading post, on the extreme
Indian frontier, unknown except as a government post.
In 1869 her fame as a great city, unique and unpar-
alled in her progress, is world wide. The history of
centuries is comprised in her story, embracing a span
of not more than half an ordinary life time. A stranger
visiting Chicago, seems to enter into a new world.
Here alone he can form some just conception of that
almost illimitable territory which lies beyond the great
22
Trade and Commerce.
Trade and Commerce. 23
rivers of the West, — the Ohio, Mississippi and "Wis-
consin. This immense territory, rapidly tilling up with
a hardy population, whose labor causes the teeming
virgin soil to bring forth abundantly of her inexhaust-
ible wealth, is netted with railways and intersected with
canals and water courses, of which Chicago is the
entrepot and mart ; and from whence depart every hour
of the day and night vessels innumerable, leviathan
propellers, and mammoth trains loaded to their fullest
capacity with grain and provisions for eastern ports, to
be thence transhipped to Europe
Cnicago is the centre of the greatest railway system
in the world. Not a section of the great Northwest
but is connected with it by rail. The Chicago and
Northwestern Railway stretches away to Lake Supe-
rior, and with the St. Paul road, bisects Wisconsin, and
penetrates Minnesota, tapping the entire railway sys-
tems of those States, and striking the line of the
Northern Pacific Railway, the Galena division of the
same road.
The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific road, and the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road respectively,
connect with the Iowa railroads, extending into Ne-
braska, and connect at Omaha with the Union Pacific
railroad. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road
connects also with the Hannibal and St. Joseph road,
passing through northern Missouri to St. Joseph, which
is connected by rail with Lawrence, Kansas, where
another connection is made with a branch of the Union
line to the Pacific. These various lines, together with
the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis, the Illinois Central,
and the Chicago and Milwaukee, constitute the main
western lines of railway centering at Chicago, and with
their connections, place the entire Northwest under
tribute to that city.
The aggregate length of the lines of railway radi-
ating from Chicago, is over 8,000 miles. Besides com-
manding the trade of the interior by its numerous lines
of railways and its water communications by canal
with the Illinois river, it is at the head of lake naviga-
tion, and has access to the ocean by natural and arti-
ficial outlets for vessels that safely cross the Atlantic.
24 Trade and Commerce.
A very short time hence- these outlets will be so
increased that Chicago will be able to send her marine
direct to the ocean vii the St. Lawrence and Missis-
sippi. In 183G a few schooners supplied this region
with goods from Ohio. Now the lake marine
exhibits the following figures :
TONNAGE OP VESSELS
Owned in1 the District of Chicago, that were engaged
in trade during 1867-8 :
8 Steamers with 8,181 Tonnage
18 Propellers " 6,020
83 Tugs " 977
41 Barks " 18,899
4 Barges •• 1,934
15 Brigs " 8,600
267 Schooners " 48,968
87 Scows " 2,934
2 Sloops •• 16
410 Total " 76,369
227 Canal boats with 19,784
96,153
26 Vessels lost during the year 8,640
92,513 "
TONNAGE OP VESSELS
Owned in other Districts of the United States, that
came to the Port of Chicago during 1867-8 :
2 Steamers with 2,190 Tonnage
T4 Propellers " 51,053
14 Tugs " 910
90 Barks •• 28,155
21 Brigs " 5,504
895 Schooners " 85,«48
81 Scows " 2,748
1 Barge " 814
«28 Vessels " 176,511
The number of foreign vessels that arrived at the
port of Chicago, including two from Liverpool, England,
was as follows :
8 Propellers 2,859 Tons.
26 Barks 8,808
2Brigs 574
22 Schooners 5,850
58 Vessels.., 17,091 Tons.
Trade and Commerce. 25
Whole number of vessels and their tonnage which
entered the port of Chicago during 1867, compared with
1866:
Number of seagoing Vessels entered Chicago
duringlS66 997 251,017 Tons.
Number of Canal Boats owned in Chicago
Dec. 81, 1866 230 20,059 "
Total number which entered Chicago
in 1866 engaged in trade 1,227 271,163 Tons.
Total number in 1S67 1,323 289,665 "
Gaininl867 96 18,629 Tons.
During the year 1867 there were received for tolls on
the Illinois and Michigan Canal, $113,482 29.
DIRECT SHIPMENTS FROM CHICAGO TO
LIVERPOOL.
The shipments from Chicago to Liverpool direct for
the season of 1867-8, were more than double the pre-
ceding season. There were forwarded by Webster's
European Express, ma New York, 9,446 packages of
provisions, weighing 1,675 tons; and via Portland,
13,512 packages, weighing 2,954 tons,— in all, 22,958
packages, weighing 4,619 tons.
The area of the lakes, including Georgian Bay, in
square miles, is nearly, if not quite equal to the Mediter-
ranean, while the whole extent of the coast, taking in
the St. Lawrence, is far greater. The shore line of the
lakes is estimated at 6,240 miles.
If we cast our eyes over the map of the Mediter-
ranean, we are equally surprised to perceive, whether
from the difference of institutions, governments, or
peoples, that notwithstanding the antiquity of its ad-
vantages, so to speak, there is but one port which is as
flourishing as Chicago, and none which has risen so
rapidly or is likely to advance so far.
Marseilles is the third city in France, ranking next
to Paris and Lyons. According to the most recent
accounts, its population is, even now, but about thirty
thousand more than that of Chicago, if even that;
though Marseilles existed six hundred years before the
Christian era, and \ras a free commercial city in the
26 Trade and Commerce.
year 1226. The tonnage of French vessels now engaged
in its foreign trade appears from our latest Consular
returns to be but 180,000 tons; while that of Chicago,
as we have already stated, amounts to 255,000. So, too,
of Genoa, the proud, the great port of Italy. This city,
old and beautifully picturesque though it be, has not
as many inhabitants as Chicago, and no such com-
mercial activity. The operations of a single hour in
the latter would, in Genoa, appear like an insurrection.
And so we might proceed to contrast every other city
on the shores of the Mediterranean, all old and flourish-
ing, perhaps, in the European sense, but none of them
resembling the busy, growing, flourishing and com-
manding city of Chicago.
The prosperity of its inhabitants has proceeded step
by step with that of the city, and nowhere can be found
more of the comforts and elegancies of life, nowhere a
greater liberality of bestowment for any good and patri-
otic purpose.
But it is sufficient for us at this time to look at Chi-
cago as she is, with interminable lines of railwav, which
reach to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, with a
uniform guage, radiating in all directions over our fer-
tile Western plains and prairies, and which, after cut-
ting through rocks sparkling with gold and silver, are
to terminate only on the shores of the Pacific. It is
sufficient to consider that she is the mistress and at the
head of navigation of the largest inland seas on this
continent, and that her sails whiten and her screws toss
into foam the purest and most beautiful of waters.
"With a vast domestic and increasing colonial trade,
likely to be facilitated by the enlargement of the present
canals of Canada, or the construction of new ones by
natural routes such as the earliest missionaries dis-
covered, there seems to be no limitation to her exten-
sion or prosperity. Chicago, therefore, may be set up
as a standard American city, for the admiration of the
world.
THE COMMERCE OF CHICAGO.
THE GRAIN TRADE.
By far the most interesting and remarkable feature
of the business of Chicago is the grain trade, which,
Trade and Commerce. 27
starting up a little more than twenty-seven years ago,
has developed with such rapidity, and has already
reached proportions so gigantic as to stamp it as one of
the chief marvels of the history of modern commerce.
Who, dating back to 1838, when the sum total of the
grain trade of Chicago was seventy-eight buxhels, could
have realized the marvel that thirty years would pro-
duce. Then, the only trade of the city was supplied by
two small vessels; now, Chicago estimates the tonnage
of her fleets by thousands, and takes rank as the leading
grain market of the world. The trade and commerce
of the Mississippi river has not kept pace with the de-
velopment of the country through which it runs, and
for which it is the regular channel to the ocean. The
artificial highways of trade, canals and railroads, have
tapped the West, and carried its products eastward
across the continent. The grain trade of the West has
been diverted almost entirely to the lakes, the Erie canal,
the St. Lawrence river, or the six great trunk lines of
railroad that diverge from the heart of the West to the
seaboard. Thus has the Mississippi ceased to be the
outlet to the ocean for the grain traffic of the West.
The reasons for the change are apparent, its advantages
many. The risk of damage to grain or flour, which
was very liable to receive damage from heat by passing
through the Southern latitudes of the gulf during the
summer months, is greatly decreased, and the uncer-
tainty of river navigation is removed, while the advan-
tages of cheaper and speedier transportation by rail-
roads and canals on the Northern route, with the better
markets afforded on the Atlantic seaboard, have aided
chiefly to effect this change.
The following figures, compiled from the official
report of Chicago Board of Trade, will afford the
stranger some idea of the extent of the grain trade of
Chicago.
THE ELEVATORS.
Overhanging the river on either side are to be seen
large, sombre, gloomy-looking buildings, erected for
the purpose of receiving and discharging the enormous
quantities of grain which are continually pouring into
this market. Their number and capacity are as follows :
28
Trade and Commerce.
Trade and Commerce.
29
The following table shows the movements of flour
and grain during 1868 as compared with 1858.
RECEIVED.
1868.
1858.
66'2,540
9,689,614
8,252,641
2,888,^97
T1,0i2
413,812
Flour In barrels ..................... ........ 1,321.205
Wheat in bushels. ........................... 18,930,857
Corn " ............................ 26,186,256
Oats " ............................ 13,554,827
Rye " ............................ 1,400,896
Barley " ............................ 2,484,450
FORWARDED.
Flour in barrels ............................. 2,246,280 470,462
Wheat in bushels ............................ 12,950,2(.»3 8,850,257
Corn " ............................ 28,062,529 7.726,264
Oats " ............................ 12,425,950 1,519,066
Rye " ........................... 1,864,566 7,569
Barley " ............................ 2;485,959 132,020
THE PROVISION TRADE.
The provision trade of Chicago dates its commence-
ment from the year 1835, when 5,000 head of cattle was
the total number cut and packed in the city. From
that time until the season of 1864-5, Chicago furnished
almost one-third of the entire number packed in the
western states. Cincinnati, for a number of years, was
the leading packing point, and was, in consequence,
called the Porkopolisof the country. In 1861, although
Cincinnati showed no considerable decrease in the
number of hogs packed, still she had to yield the palm
to her younger competitor. During that season nearly
one million hogs were cut up and packed in Chicago,
being two fifths of the entire packing of the west. The
number of firms now engaged in packing is forty-six
in pork, and nine in beef. The following table gives
the receipts and shipments of hogs, with the number
packed in a series of years :
Yfftr. Received.
1844
1835
1887
1851-2
1852-3 65,158
1853-4 73,980
1854^5 188,515
Skipped.
54,156 78,694
J'ackfd.
388
1,000
1,400
5,000
12,000
22,036
44,156
30 Trade and Commerce.
Year. Rece.ivcd. Shh
1855-6 803.539 1TO.881 80,:'-80
ia^-7 220,702 103.074 74,000
1S57-8 214,223 88,546 99,262
1853 640,486 19.',013 179,634
1859 271,204 110,246 151,339
1860 392,864 '.'27,164 271,805
18H1 (575.902 2^9,094 505. (591
1862 1,343.890 491,135 970 2<H
1863 1.677,757 856,485 904659
1864-5 1,410,320 536,437 760,514
1865-6 1.173832 662.566 607,«55
1866-7 l,341,r>56 672,769 689,382
1867-8 1,883,373 1,033,118 796,225
1868-9 1,997,506 1,181,344 (597,954
The following shows the numbers of live stock
received by railroad during the season of 1868 as com-
pared with that of 1867 :
1868. 13(57.
Beef cattle , 324,624 834.138
Hogs 1,705,863 1,696,748
Sheep 270,875 179,888
The following table shows the result of the packing
business in the west during the season of 1868-9 com-
pared with that of 1867-8 :
1867-8.
Ohio 562,955 644,657
Illinois 1,063,496 80fi,OS4
Indiana 821,883 326,658
Kentucky 157,8-0 188,426
Missouri.. 883,011 861,067
Wisconsin 174,958 129,094
Iowa 182,944 126,835
Total 2J98^832 M77,264
2,477,2(54
Decrease 816,768
The packing-houses of Chicago are mainly located in
Bridgeport, on both banks of the south branch of the
river. The buildings are mainly substantial brick struc-
tures. Steam machinery now performs much of the labor
formerly done by hand. It is a curious and instructive
scene to witness the operations of a large packing-
house during the busy season, and will repay the trou-
ble and time spent.
Trade and Commerce. 81
THE LUMBER TRADE.
Chicago is admirably situated for a first-class lumber
market for the people of the Northwest. The lumber
regions of Canada, Michigan and Wisconsin, inex-
haustible as it would seem, are all accessible to the
lake*, and lumber is readily transported hither at a
trifling expense, so that, in purchasing here, dealers
can do almost as well as if in the very heart of the lum-
ber region, many miles distant The lumber trade of
Chicago ranks next in importance to the grain trade,
and continues to make gigantic strides each succeeding
year, keeping pace with the growth of the city and
the development of the Northwest. The receipts of
lumber for the fiscal year ending March 31. 1868, were
882,661,770 feet, against 730,057,168 feet for the year
previous. The shipments were 518,973,354 feet. The
receipts of shingles were 447,039,275, and the shipments
480,980,500. The increase in the latter over the former
can in part be attributed to the fact that there is a
large number of shingle factories in our city. These,
in a great measure, help to meet the pressing demand
from all parts of the south and west. The receipts of
lath were 146,846,280, and the shipments 70,587,194.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Kectipt*. Shipment*.
Seeds, Ibs 88.962,897 19,058,921
Salt, bbls 492,129 455,740
Salt, sacks 21,081 8,263
Hides, Ibs 28,522,066 27,739,099
Highwines, gals 1 ,454,228
Lead, Ibs ..11,286,957 4,162,077
Wool.lbs 11,213,999 11,293,717
32
Trade and Commerce.
lilii
Real Estate. 33
REAL ESTATE.
ACCORDING to the estimate of many, even citizens of
Chicago, whom the experience of the past should have
taught better, every advance in real estate has been set
down as the result of artificial inflation. Always, a
reaction was about to set in and a fail in prices that
must surely prove ruinous to the unlucky wight who
should have the boldness to base his speculations, in the
purchase of real estate, upon his faith in the future
greatness of a city, the heart of which was planted in a
swamp on the banks of a sluggish stream whose mouth
was barred by an ever-increasing sand-bank. The
poor laborer who, in the early days of the city, was
compelled to receive a portion of his hard-earned dole
in city lots, was an object of commiseration. And
even to this day we find croakers who, when a man of
moderate means stints and saves to enable him, by the
expenditure of his last dollar, to make his first pay-
ment on a lot, hold him up as a marvel of blind folly.
Still, these transactions have gone on, and hundreds of
instances can be pointed out to day in which poor men
who had perforce to take lots in part payment of
their earnings in despite of themselves, have suddenly
awakened to the fact that those same lots, so sadly
despised, and the cause of so much commiseration to
their owners, have made them independently rich.
Our building enterprises also come in for a full
measure of censure from the same class of people.
The five to six thousand neat frame dwellings which
every year add so many comfortable and pleasant-look-
ing homes for the laborer, mechanic, and man of small
means, are looked upon as the mushroom sprouts of a
spurious and unhealthy growth ; while such magnifi-
cent edifices as are rapidly covering the whole business
section of the city as altogether too extravagant — too
far in advance of the times, and sure to result in utter
ruin to their projectors, and hasten the return- of the
dreaded "crash" or "crisis." But the work still goes
3
34 Real Estate.
on ; no sooner is it announced that another grand
"block" or "building" is to be erected in such a place
than the architect's office is besieged, and usually before
the foundations are laid every choice place in the
building is leased in advance. At no time in the his-
tory of Chicago have rents been firmer than during the
renting season of 1869. A certain evidence of healthy,
vigorous growth is that the business portion of the city
is rapidly extending, not changing, its location.
Within the memory of men yet living in onr midst,
Chicago was a mere trading post on the extreme Indian
frontier. So late as 1840, the population was less than
5,000, and this memorable year of 1869 it is estimated
to.be considerably over 300,000. Why attempt to scan
the future? The past has realized more than her most
sanguine prophet ever dreamed Looking back at what
Chicago was in her early days, and comparing her
with other and older cities, we may well wonder at her
progress; but if we but look a little deeper into the
matter, and seek out the true causes of her wondrous
and unprecedented growth, surprise at the reality gives
place to almost wonder that it is not greater. For,
lying behind the g 'eat FACT of the city, are greater
facts which justify an expectation beyond what the
iiiost sagacious or sanguine have indulged. These, —
numerous to consider in detail, and fortunately too
familiar and obvious to be more than suggested, — are all
to be referred, first, to the extent and richness of the
region which the city immediately subsidizes ; secondly,
to the relations between it and more remote lands and
interests. " Chicago can scarcely be called a great city,
in fact, yet, — only a little over a quarter of a million
inhabitants ; ana he who only estimates the resources of
Illinois alone must see that they are more than enough,
and are sufficiently tributary to Chicago to secure
her present status forever. The proposed Northern
Pacific Railroad is no less a Chicago interest than are
the Union or Central Pacific to be. The freshest tyro
in Lake Superior topography knows that the talk
about eastern railway outlets in that direction is the
sheerest nonsense. Whatever of trade from those vast
regions north of the latitude of Chicago does not reach
Real Estate. 35
eastern markets by vessel, must infallibly come here,
while the lake marine engaged therein will more and
more be owned and controlled here. There is nothing
disastrous to Chicago pretensions in the Northern
Pacific Railroad scheme, and if there were, the danger
would be little imminent in view of the status of the
Pacific road already built."
The project of a ship canal across the Isthmus of
Darien, which, if successful, would, no doubt, divert
commerce from the Chicago trans-continental railway
line, has been demonstrated to be wholly impracticable
short of, at least, twenty years, and in view of the com-
pletion of the Pacific road, there is no demand for Mr.
Seward's pet project. But, even if built, it would be
available only for steamers, inasmuch, as sailing vessels
would have to be towed to and from a point two hun-
dred miles at cea, through a region of perpetual calms,
or light baffling winds, before reaching the track of
north-east and south-west trade winds. They could go
round Cape Horn, as they do now, far more profitably,
taking into consideration the canal -toll, the cost of
tonnage, and the increased insurance premiums over
rates chargeable on vessels keeping in the open sea.
In the recent strife between the great track lines pene-
trating from the seaboard to the interior in which each
has sought to secure to itself advantages over the other
in its connection with the vast railway system of Chi-
cago ; Chicago was declared to be the real objective
point of the contest. The traffic of the great West —
of the rapidly developing regions beyond the Missis-
sippi valley and beyond the backbone of the Continent,
even of the Pacific Ocean and of Asia — was the prize ;
and Chicago, being " the concentrating point of all
that vast traffic," (vide New York I'tmes,) became the
goal which it was necessary to win. Without that the
New York and Erie Railroad can not compete for the
Pacific trade with either of its powerful rivals, the
New York Central or the Pennsylvania Central.
With that the three grand trunk lines will stand on a
footing of equal advantage. " This contest being
decided in the common interest of all, the next strug-
36 Real Estate.
gle," says the New York Tribune, "will be for the
control of the lines from Chicago to Omaha."
The North-western, and the Chicago, Rock Island
and Pacific, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
roads have completed their lines from Chicago to
Omaha ; so that there are three independent lines in
operation from the seaboard, through Chicago, con-
necting with the Union Pacific road to San Francisco.
Not less full of promise to Chicago is the Kansas sys-
tem of railroads, enjoying common connection with Chi-
cago at Leavenworth. Through this, the best region of
New Mexico and Texas will be brought to our door.
Say that all this growth and activity — so varied, so
intense, so far-reaching, so hopeful and determined
which constitute Chicago, are past finding out in their
remote cause ; say that a metropolis so entirely out of
what might have been expected to be the true course of
trans-Mississippi commerce from seaboard to seaboard,
was ostensibly improbable. Yet, how far more impro-
bable now — that a great, growing, wealthy, vigorous
and ambitious metropolis once built here, productive
capital once accumulated and utilized here, a dozen great
and extending railroad lines once concentrated here from
East, North, West, and South — that such a change as
some anticipate, indeed that any change for the worse,
should take place within our century in the center and
current of enterprise once established at so great cost,
and founded deep in the harmony of so many vast,
distinct and otherwise conflicting interests. Consider
alone the railroad business ; throw out of the problem
altogether all others — stock, grain, etc., equally com-
manding; and reflect what concern the old roads,
which are constantly expending their incomes in in-
creasing their facilities, and the new roads which at
immense cost are incessantly pushing into new fields
and subordinating them, have in the perpetuity of ar-
rangements, whose solidest motive lies thus far almost
solely in the future. That these vital connections with
surrounding commonwealths once exist, is the strongest
possible reason why they should continue to exist.
Hard earned capital, deaf-bought commercial experi-
ence iringing to their aid sciences laboriously built
Heal Estate. 37
up and arts patiently mastered — are never Quixotic.
The cost will be ever counted of expending millions in
first establishing channels of trade, and then thousands
of millions in directing it therefrom. Simply because it
is cheaper and surer to employ existing channels than t»
construct new ones, the old ones will be employed ;
and capital seeking investment will find it in existing
enterprises, in preference to expending itself on the
superfluous and problematical. The only necessity
that can lead to the opening of new lines will be that
which lies in the fact that existing lines have become
inadequate to the increased demand ; and in that fact
•we find the very promise of Chicago's permanent
greatness, in which her citizens have an abiding faith,
and which is now stimulating capital to seek invest-
ment here. We say " investment " generally ; for in
this respect the real estate " movement," as it is called,
is but the complement of an activity which extends not
alone to commerce, but embraces manufacturing enter-
prise, and the growth of the arts, useful and ornamental
as well. . The expenditure of eight or ten millions
annually in building, and the ten or twelve millions of
real estate transfers, in which from fifty to seventy-five
millions of dollars annually change hands, constitute
a fact too great to be considered as standing by itself.
It has its meaning in facts equally momentous and
imposing. In this connection it is worth while to note
the prevailing fact in regard to Chicago real estate,
that this " movement " has been identical with that of
the city in population, industry and commercial import-
ance ; in all of which, carrying real estate along with it,
there has, upon the whole, been very decided progress
from decade to decade. Of the two or three periods of
depression that have been experienced, not one has
extended to five years. As with the ocean, there has
been recession here and there, and now and then ; but
these have been in the nature of an ebb in the tide,
which to those who have had faith and pluck enough
to take it, has soon proved a flood tide, and borne them
on to fortune.
The particular explanation of this is found in the
even pace which building enterprise and real estate
38 Real Estate.
activity have uniformly kept. For instance, on the
removal of Camp Douglas, the ground of that and
adjoining localities was subdivided and sold. Promi-
nent among these was the Grove property, and the
Wentworth tract, — about four and two years ago
respectively. The former was held at $35 per foot,
the latter at from $30 to $50. The price seemed high
at the time, but the easy terms reconciled purchasers
to it. But those who bought only in the expectation
of taking advantage of the long time and paying for
their lots, were astonished at finding them, within a
year, doubled in value. The reason is plain: the
ground was near, improvements began on every hand ;
and now the few choice lots in these tracts which can
be had at all, readily command from three to four times
the price paid for them. The same thing has been
repeated scores of times, and most notably so in the
North Division around Lincoln Park ; and previously
in the West Division around Union Park. There has
been no special effort made in these cases by dealers,
beyond regular advertising and the brisk competition
of auction sales, to increase this activity. It is simply
a fact in the normal growth of a city that has grown
because grow it must. The average number of new
buildings erected in 1868 was about 7,000, at a cost of
about $14,000,000. In Colbert's Chicago, we find the
following items : " The list " viz. : 7,000 new buildings,
"includes more costly buildings than that of any for-
mer year, but the number of smaller residences erected
is much less in proportion. It is not possible to tabu-
late the improvements of the year with accuracy at
this writing, but we are able to count 12 churches, and
about 40 blocks of fine buildings to be credited to 1868,
of which 30 will average $100,000 each and one will
cost $300,000."
The whole movement, land and building, finds a par-
allel only in that which has been going on in New
York during the same period. It is a movement of the
residence population up town and out to the suburbs
to make room for improved and stately blocks of build-
ings to accommodate the annual increase in the
business of the city.
Parks and Boulevards. 39
It is to be remarked in this connection, that the only
cities in which the real estate business can properly be
termed a " movement," are the terminal points on the
grand central entrepot of the Pacific Road and the
Eastern connections, — New York, San Francisco and
Chicago. Take Cincinnati for example. The sales for
the week ending March 5th, numbered but 69, with an
aggregate of $257,779.89, compared with 269 sales in
Chicago, to the amount of $1,198,859, showing 300 per
cent, greater activity here than in Cincinnati. During
the month of January the sales in San Francisco,
including both city and county, were 492, for an aggre-
gate value of $2,716,823. m
The movement here rivals that of New York — the
number of transfers in Chicago during the three last
weeks of February were 241, 272, and 240, compared
with 238, 231, and 173 in New York, On March 10th
there were 38 sales in New York, having an aggregate
value of $685,000. On the Saturday previous there
were in Chicago 32 sales, amounting to $578,000.
It is estimated that there has been attracted to
Chicago for direct investment in real estate during the
past year alone, at least seven millions of dollars, to
say nothing of the amount which has been loaned
on real estate securities and invested in improvements.
PARKS AND BOULEVARDS.
LINCOLN PARK
THIS Park is situated in North Chicago, on the lake
shore, about two miles north of the river. It is
bounded on the south by the old city cemetery. Until
the present session of the legislature this park covered
an area of about sixty acres ; additions have been made,
or the city has obtained legislative authority for such
additions, which will make the park to contain about
two hundred acres. For the past three years the city
Las bejn employed leisurely in improving the park,
40 Parks and Boulevards.
and has expended upon it nearly $75,000 This Park,
with the exception of Union Park in the West Division,
is the only public improvement worthy of the name in
the city. The natural configuration of this park is
perhaps better than can be found any where else in the
vicinity of the city. It is composed chiefly of sand hills,
with little valleys and ponds between them. The great
difficulty in applying to it the rules of landscape is to
obtain black and tenacious earth sufficient to form a
proper surface upon which shrubbery and trees may be
expected to live and thrive; but this* latter obstacle has
been removed by the legislature in its recent bill, which
has permitted the addition of a large number of acres
to this Park on the north.
The boundaries of Lincoln Park are — on the south,
North avenue, from Clark street to the Lake ; on the
west, Clark street to Franklin ; thence north on Frank-
lin street to its intersection with the old lake shore
ditch, and thence along this ditch to Fullerton avenue ;
west on Fullerton avenue to a point five hundred feet
east of North Clark street ; thence north-west, on a line
parallel to and five hundred feet east of Clark street, to
the centre line of section 28; thence east to the Lake.
About two and one-half miles of drives are already in
existence, and the Park has a large number of trees
growing within its enclosure. During last summer a
•cries of- out-door concerts were inaugurated, which
appeared to be the source of much enjoyment.
This Park enjoys one other advantage, which no
other Park in the city can enjoy. All the lake com-
merce of Chicago, represented by its thousands of sail
vessels and its steamers, must pass along its front.
Scarcely an hour occurs in the summer when there
may not be seen what would seem to be an endless line
of vessels.
Lincoln Park is at present the most central of any of
our urban parks. As has been stated, it is but two
miles from the river, while South Park is from five to
eight miles, and West Park can hardly be less than four
miles from the Court House. To reach Lincoln Park,
however, the people have yet no means of railroad tran-
sit except the horse cars, and it will be found that the
Parks and Boulevards. 41
South and West Parks can as quickly and as cheaply
be reached by the steam roads as Lincoln Park can by
means of the horse cars
The lake shore drive or boulevard, which is pro-
jected for this Park, will, when it is completed, be one
of the finest improvements in the city. The design is
to have it commence at Pine street, and run thence
along the lake shore, of a width of two hundred feet,
until it reaches the southern boundary of Lincoln Park.
The Board of Public Works has already matured the
plans for this work, and its execution will be only a
matter of time.
THE SOUTH SIDE PARKS AND BOULEVARDS.
There are two parks, — one of them containing about
600 acres, and skirting the lake shore just south of
Hyde Park ; and the other, of 360 acres, approaching
nearer to the city, and bounded by Fifty-first street on
the north, Sixtieth street on the south, Kankakee
avenue on the west, and Cottage Grove avenue on the
east. These Parks are connected with a Boulevard
600 feet wide, lying between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth
streets, and all together is called the South Side Park.
The northern or western one, or portion of these Parks,
is approached from the city by two boulevards or
avenues, — each two hundred feet wide, — one beginning
at Thirty-fifth street, or Douglas place (the streets are
numbered from the river southward), and lying west
of the east line of Kankakee avenue, running directly
south to the north-west corner of the Park; and the
other commencing at the city limits, at Fortieth street
and Cottage Grove avenue, funning thence in a south-
easterly direction to Forty-first street; thence south
along Drexel avenue to the north-east corner of the
Park, as shown by the map. The Park bill became a
law by the action of the last Legislature (1869), and a
vote of the people of more than two to one in favor of
the Park.
The Commissioners are men of unbounded energy
and perseverance. They have already organized, and
begun to prepare plans for laying out and improving
42 Parks and Boulevards.
these Parks, for which purpose ample provision has
been made, both in the Park bill itself, and in the Lake
Shore Harbor bill, recently become a law by the action
of the Legislature.
So that when, a very few years hence, these grand
Parks and Boulevards are fully completed, together with
all the avenues leading thereto, Chicago will have the
finest drives and most beautiful public grounds of any
city on this continent.
THE WEST SIDE PARKS.
The West Parks have been left indefinite both in
respect of size and exact location. They are to be three
in number, and are to be situated within the new city
limits, which are extended two miles west of Western
avenue : one north of Division street ; another, between
Kinzie and Harrison streets; and a third, between Har-
rison street and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad. They are each to contain not less than one
hundred acres nor more than two hundred, and are
severally to cost, improvements not included, not more
than $250,000. Wide boulevards will connect the parks
with each other, and extend southwardly from the
most southern park to the Illinois and Michigan Canal,
provided that the land therefor shall be obtained free
of cost. When these parks shall have been located, the
city limits will be extended so as to include them with
all the intervening land between them and Western
avenue, and the vote that ratifies the park also extends
the city limits.
UNION PARK,
In the West Division, contains about sixteen acres. It
is of an irregular, pentagonal form, bounded on the
north by Lake street, on the south by Warren street,
on the west by Reuben street, on the north-east by
Bryan place, and on the south-east by South western
avenue. The costly plan of improvement commenced
in 1865 is rapidly transforming the flat, bare prairie
into a tasteful, beautiful park, with hills, rocks, rivulets
and cataracts, with a beautiful artificially-made pond
in the centre.
Parks and Boulevards. 43
DEARBORN PARK.
The first, and for many years the only public park in
the city, is an oblong piece of ground extending from
Randolph to Washington street, and from Michigan
avenue to Dearborn place, and contains one and a half
acres. The ground was presented to the city by the
United States, to be used for ever as a public Park. It
is enclosed by a neat iron railing, and planted with
trees.
JEFFERSON PARK
Is but two blocks south and one block east of Union
Park, embracing but a single square, bounded by
Monroe, Throop, Adams and Loomis streets. It con-
tains about five acres. It is surrounded by stately and
beautiful residences.
VERNON PARK
Is an oblong piece of ground ab«ut 300 feet wide by
600 feet long, on Centre avenue and West Polk street.
WOODLAND AND GROVELAND.
These are piivate parks laid out by f,he late Senator
Douglas in the beautiful grove, in the South Division,
called Oaken wald, and are intended for the especial
benefit of the proprietors of the lots which front upon
them.
WASHINGTON PARK
Is a small square between North Clark and Dearborn
streets, north of Chesnut street, containing two and
one half acres. It has a number of shade trees, and is
quite a pleasant retreat from the dust and heat of a
summer's day.
44 The River.
THE RIVER.
THE first recorded vessel that entered the harbor of
Chicago, was the schooner Tracy, in 1803, under com-
mand of Lieut. Dorr, laden with supplies for the U. S.
garrison in Fort Dearborn. Its condition at that time
is not mentioned. Col. Long, of the engineers, who
visited Chicago in 1816, found the river discharging it-
self into the lake over a bar of gravel and sand in a
sluggish stream only a few inches deep, and from thirty
to forty feet wide. In a broader, deeper, and much
more copious stream the Little Calumet entered the
lake over a similar bar about ten miles further south.
Seven years later, when Col. Long visited these
places, he found the mouth of the Chicago River but
little changed, while that of the Little Calumet was
blocked up by a dry sand bar. The first steamboat
that entered the Chicago river, was the Shelden
Thompson, in 1832, during the Black Hawk war, bring-
ing troops and provisions, with General Winfield Scott
in command of the troops.
In 1833 Congress made the first appropriation of
$30,000 to improve the harbor. The north pier was
run out a short distance and a light-house erected.
An embankment was made to cut off the river from
her old channel, which had previously emptied into
the lake near the foot of Madison street. This work
was commenced in the summer of 1833, and vigorously
pushed forward. In the following spring came a great
freshet, which cleaned out the sand from the mouth,
and did more work than all the dredges. In successive
years additional appropriations were made, amount-
ing in the aggregate to $144,000. In 1839 the work
was suspended, the money having been exhausted.
The constant current which sets toward the mouth
of the river from the straits of Mackinaw, stirred up the
sand and rolled it down into a huge bar in front of the
city; the bar continued to accumulate, until, in 1864,
it had reached the foot of Van Buren street, and vessels
The River. 45
were compelled to tack round to that point, turn the
bar, and beat up between it and the breakwater.
Casualties, in consequence, became frequent. In order
to prevent this continued accumulation of sand, the
city at an early day began to extend the north pier
out into the lake. It was first built out in a straight
line 1,070 feet, then turning about 20 degrees to the
north, 450 feet were added ; thence on another plan
500 feet further, forming the arc of a circle ; and reach-
ing the site of the light-house erected in 1855, and
which is situated 1,950 feet from the starting point. In
1864-5 450 feet more were added, continuing on the
line of the first straight section. In 1866, Major J. D.
Wheeler, of the Engineer Corps, in his report to the
government, urged the erection of 600 feet additional
to the north pier, and an appropriation of $88,704 was
made for the purpose.
In 1816, when Col. Long examined the river, the
stream was almost flush with the surrounding country.
It was much narrower then than now. It was, how-
ever, much deeper, and is said to have had a depth of
twenty feet near the present location of Clark street
bridge ; the widening of the stream and the heavy sedi-
ment constantly settling in its bed has sensibly dimin-
ished its depth.
In 1832 the two first bridges were built, one over the
North Branch, at Water street, and another over the
South Branch, between Lake and Randolph streets,
the latter was not removed until 1840. It cost $486.20,
which was raised by subscription, the Potawatomie
Indians contributing nearly one-half the amount. The
main channel is now crossed by substantial and costly
swing-bridges at every second block in the more
densely populated portions, and at frequent intervals
beyond. Over the main channel are bridges at Rush,
State, Clark and Wells streets, over the South Branch
at Lake, Randolph, Madison, Van Buren, Polk,
Twelfth, Eighteenth, Halsted, Reuben and Fuller
streets, and at Archer Avenue. Over the North Branch
at Kinzie, Indiana and Erie streets, Chicago Avenue,
North Halsted street, North Avenue and Clybmrne
Avenue. The railroad trains cross the river on bridges
46 The River.
built^by the railroad companies. The public bridges
require to be rebuilt about every five years. Their
average cost is about $35,000.
When navigation first began upon this river, vessels
were unable to go up the North Branch further than
Chicago Avenue, and up the South Branch their pro-
gress was impeded at Eighteenth street. From this
point to where the canal begins, a distance of one mile
and a half, the river has been deepened and widened.
The number of vessels moving on the river and its
branches became so great that a widening of the stream
was of necessity demanded. The dock limits had been
laid out nearly following the original curvatures of the
banks. It has been decided to widen the branches to an
uniform width of two hundred feet, and the improve-
ment is now being carried out, but it will take many
years before it can possibly be completed. The estab-
lished width for the main river is 250 feet, and in some
points this is exceeded. The North Branch has been
also deepened, and is now navigable one mile and a
quarter beyond Chicago Avenue.
In 1848 the building of docks was fairly commenced.
In 1854 the city had four miles of wharves. Now
there are twelve miles in operation, having cost over
$1,250,000. Four miles of this have been renewed,
making a total of fifteen miles built. Dock piling lasts
only about nine years. This dock system has extended
immensely along the South Branch in the West Divi-
sion. But a movement has recently commenced for the
construction of a still greater system along the lake
shore, just north of the mouth of the river.
North from the new pier previously mentioned, the
Chicago Dock Company will build a breakwater 500
feet long; from the northern extremity of this a break-
water 1,500 feet in length will be constructed reaching
to the shore. An area extending 300 feet north from
the pier, and west to the shore of the lake, will be filled
in, and through the center of this made land will run a
street from the main shore to the eastern channel. The
block thus created will be divided into lots for dockage
purposes. On the north side of this made land there
will be a channel, 110 feet wide, penetrating Michigan
The Lake Tunnel. 47
street as far as Sand street. The water in the basin
will be twenty-two feet, and the largest vessels will
easily float in the canal. The two will give as much
wharfage as is now afforded by both sides of the river,
as far as the confluence of the two branches.
This work was commenced in the beginning of 1867,
and is being carried on in connection with the exten-
sion ordered by the Government — the work being
really begun where the United States officials will cease
their labors. This new line of pier will form a grand
line of nearly 2,000 feet upon the North Side. The
limited space at our disposal in a little work so circum-
scribed in its scope as a HAND-BOOK for strangers, pre-
vents us from enlarging upon the subject of the Chicago
River ; we would refer the curious reader to the very
best coinpend of Chicago, her history and statistics,
that has ever appeared, and to which we are indebted
for the above article (condensed) and much other valu-
able information, — we refer to " Historical and Statis-
tical Sketch of Chicago," by E. Colbert.
THE LAKE TUNNEL.
SINCE the completion of this grand undertaking, the
people of Chicago have enjoyed the inestimable bless-
ing of an inexhaustible supply of the purest water in
the world. For a long time previous to 1863, the water
pumped up from the shore of the lake and supplied for
drinking purposes was unfit for human use. After a
long and careful consideration of various plans to
remedy the crying evil, and secure a supply of pure
water, the Board of Public Works decided early in
1863 to carry a tunnel out two miles under the bed of
the lake.
On the 17th of March, 1864, ground was broken for
the tunnel on the lot occupied by the Pumping works,
at the east end of Chicago avenue, on the lake shore.
From the shore shaft, which is 67 feet deep, the tun-
nel extends two miles out in a straight line at right
48 The Lake Tunnel.
angles with the shore. The clear width of the tunnel
is 5 feet, and the clear height 5 feet 2 inches, the top
and bottom arches being semi circles. It is lined with
brick masonry 8 inches thick, in two wings or shells,
the bricks being laid lengthwise of the tunnel, with
toothing joints. The bottom of the inside surface of
the bore at the east end is 66 feet below water level,
with a gradual slope of two feet to the mile towards
the shore shaft This gives a clear fall of four feet in
the whole distance, to permit the emptying of it in case
of needed repairs, a gate at the crib shutting off the
supply of water. The brickwork has been laid in 8
inches thick all around, well set in cement.
The tunnel as now constructed will deliver under a
head of two feet, 19,000,000 gallons of water daily;
under a head of eight feet, 38,000,000 gallons daily, and
under a head of eighteen feet, 57,000,000 gallons daily.
The velocities for the above quantities will be one and
four-tenths mile per hour, head being two feet; head
being eight feet, the velocity will be two and three-
tenths miles per hour, and the head being eighteen feet
the velocity will be four and two-tenths miles per
hour. By these means it will be competent to supply
one million people with fifty-seven gallons each per
day, with a head of eighteen feet.
The Crib, as it is called, in which is enclosed the east
shaft of the tunnel, will repay a visit. It can be
reached by the steam tugs from Clark street bridge.
Excursions during the summer time are frequent.
The crib is forty feet and a half high, and built in
pentagonal form, in a circumscribing circle of ninety-
eight and a half feet in diameter. It is built of logs
one foot square, and consists of three walls, at a dis-
tance of eleven feet from each other, leaving a central
pentagonal space having an inscribed circle of twenty-
five feet, within which is fixed the iron cylinder, nine
feet in diameter, running from the water line to the
tunnel, sixty-four feet below the surface and thirty-one
feet below the bed of the lake at that point. The crib
is thoroughly braced in every direction. It contains
750,000 feet of lumber, board measure, and 150 tons
iron bolts. It is filled with 4,500 tons of stone and
The Lake Tunnel. 49
weighs 5,700 tons. The crib stands- twelve feet above
the water line, giving a maximum area of 1,200 feet
which can be exposed at one sweep to the action of the
waves, reckoning the resistance as perpendicular. The
outside was thoroughly caulked, equal to a first-class
vessel, with three threads in each seam, the first and
last being what is called " horsed." Over all these
there is a layer of lagging to keep the caulking in place
and protect the crib proper from the action of the
waves. A covered platform or house was built over
the crib, enabling the workmen to prosecute the work
uninterrupted by rain or wind, and affording a pro-
tection for the earth brought up from the excavation,
and permitting it to be carried away by scows, whose
return cargoes were bricks for the lining of the tunnel.
The first brick was laid at the crib end on the 22d of
December, 1865, and on the last day of the year the
workmen began to excavate from that end, at which
time they had already 4,825 feet done from the shore.
From that time the work progressed steadily and with
few interruptions of any consequence. In the early
part of November, 1866, when within a few feet of
meeting, the workmen met for the first time with sand
pockets, which caused leakage, and delayed the final
blow till December 6th, when the last brick (which was
a stone), was laid by Mayor J. B. Rice, in the presence
of the Aldermen, city officials, and as many other
prominent citizens as could be packed into the tunnel
within hearing distance.
Still another delay was experienced in the construc-
tion of the conduits to the new pumping works, and it
was not till Monday, March 25th, 1867, that the water
was let into the tunnel to flow through the water pipes
and hydrants of the city. On that day the new water
works were formally inaugurated by the laying of the
corner stone of a new tower, situated about half a block
west of the old tower, and since completed to a total
height of 130 feet, standing on a base of twenty-four
feet square. "Within this tower is an iron column three
feet in internal diameter, to the top of which the water
is forced from the tunnel by powerful pumping ma-
chinery, and is thence forced by its own pressure
4
50 The Lake lunnel.
through the mains and to the tops of the highest build-
ings in the citj. The column is surrounded by a neat
spiral staircase. The machinery now employed to do
this consists of three engines: No. 1, capable of pump-
ing 18,000.000 gallons daily; engine No. 2, 12,000,000
gallons daily; and No. 3, 8,000,000 gallons daily, and
the Board of Public Works have now asked the Council
for authority to purchase a fourth engine, capable of
pumping 36,000,000 gallons daily. This increase in the
pumping facilities of these works is believed to be
necessitated by the growth of the city; it being remem-
bered that it is necessary to provide against accident to
one of the engines, as the water supply ought not to be
suspended during its repair.
COST.
The total cost of the lake tunnel to the city, including
extras, preliminary examination, supervision, etc., is
$457,845. The cost of the new water-tower, of the
largest engine, and the building, now nearly finished
for the reception of the machinery and the accommo-
dation of the workmen, will swell the total to about
$900,000. The total water debt of the city was
£2,483,000 in April, 1867.
The total amount of water pipe laid in the city up to
the close of 1868 was 228^ miles.
The total capacity of pipes and reservoirs was
3,400,000 gallons.
There were about 900 fire hj^drants and 450 stop-
cocks in the city at the beginning of the present year.
MORE WANTED.
"With this tremendous increase, the city of Chicago is
not supplied rapidly enough for its wants. The tunnel
will admit the passage of water sufficient to supply one
million of inhabitants, but the street pipes need extend-
ing and enlarging. Many of those nearest the water
works were put down several years ago, and are now
too small to feed those lying beyond. The difficulty is
greatest in the West Division, and to obviate it a plan
has been for some time under discussion to construct a
tunnel starting from the present water works on the
The River Tunnels. 51
shore end of the tunnel, and running thence to a point
in the West Division some where on the line of Union
Park, with adequate pumping works, mains and dis-
tributing pipes diverging to every part of that division
of the city.
THE RIVER TUNNELS.
ONE of the greatest curiosities to strangers visiting
the city, is that gigantic undertaking in engineering
science, the great pioneer sub-marine tunnel of the
western hemisphere. The large number of vessels
entering the port of Chicago, requiring the opening of
bridges during the season of navigation every few
minutes, greatly impeded the long lines of vehicles and
pedestrians constantly passing over. The demand for
a more eligible means of communication with the sev-
eral divisions of the city became a necessity. A great
public necessity in Chicago can never be long experi-
perienced; the people will have a remedy, regardless
of cost.
On the 28th of October, 1864, the original ordinance
for the construction of a tunnel under the Chicago
river was passed by the city council. At this time the
real magnitude of the undertaking was scarcely appre-
ciated, and much valuable time was spent in discussing
and considering the means and the location. It was at
length determined to tax the entire city for the means,
and Washington street was fixed on for the location
and bids for the work advertised for.
On the 27th of July, 1866— nearly three years after
the passage of the original ordinance — ground was
broken on Washington street for the tunnel, by Messrs.
Stewart, Ludlam <fc Co., to whom the contract had
been awarded. They, however, were unfortunate in
their mode of procedure, and finally abandoned the
work in May, 1867. The contract was then taken by
Messrs. J. K. Lake, C. B. Farwell, and A. A. McDon-
nell, the contract price being $328,500 ; and they, by a
vigorous prosecution of the work, brought it to a sue-
52 The River Tunnels.
cessful completion on the first day of the new year
1869, when it was formally opened to the public in an
appropriate, though unostentatious manner, the severity
of the weather preventing any general public celebra-
tion. Subsequently the tunnel was subjected to a prac-
tical test of its capacity as a thoroughfare. Five teams
were driven through the tunnel loaded heavily as fol-
lows: 6,445 IDS., 6,500 Ibs., 7,280 Ibs., 8,685 Ibs., and
9,165 Ibs. The weight of the wagons averaged 2,600
Ibs. each. The horses were not selected with reference
to their drawing capabilities, but were considered as
average teams used for that purpose. Those drawing
the heaviest load arrived at the top of the grade with-
out showing any symptoms of having been overworked,
and all of them went through with apparent ease. Ex-
perienced parties gave it as their opinion that loads of
5,000 and 6,000 pounds can be drawn through the
tunnel, by ordinary horses, with ease, and with less
effort than at many of the bridges. The Board of
Public Works were well pleased with the experiment,
and entirely satisfied that in this, as in all other re-
spects, the tunnel is a complete success.
The tunnel is divided into two portions. That for
vehicles dips from Franklin street on the east end, and
Clinton street on the west end, forming an open pas-
sage way twenty-two feet wide in the middle of Wash-
ington street, for a distance of one block on each side
of the river. For 332 feet from the entrance the tun-
nel comprises a single large chamber. It is 10 feet 6
inches at the entrance, and about 150 feet from the
river center it increases to 23^ feet. From the invert
to the top of the arch the height is 20 feet 6 inches.
The invert itself is 20 inches thick, being the segment
of a circle 47.66 inches in diameter. At the base the
abutments are 8 feet broad, until they reach the height
of 5 feet 2 inches, when they continue 6 feet thick for
7 feet more. The arch is 32 feet thick at the sides, and
24 at top ; is 9 feet above the springing lines, and has
3 centres, The spandrel backs are formed of rubble
masonry. The chamber at 150 feet distance from the
river centre is 18 feet high, the inverts 16 inches thick,
the abutments 7 feet 2 inches at base for a height of 3
The River Tunnels. 53
feet 4 inches, then 6 feet thick for another foot, and 5
feet thick at top. The height above the springing
arch is 7% feet here. This section extends 364 feet on
the west side, and has a corresponding section on the
east side, which extends 269 feet. At 110 feet from the
river centre, on either side, separate double wagon-
ways begin. Each are 11 feet wide and 15 high. A
thick wall divides them, and supports and strengthens
the work directly beneath the river bed. The two
ends of the passage correspond. Parallel with the car-
riage-way the foot-passage extends 11 feet high at the
centre, and 6 at the sides of the arch. A flooring of
white pine is laid on joists, making a good even sur-
face. The lights are 40 feet apart here and 50 in the
carriage-way. Entrances are pierced through the
walls to the roadways and the other footway.
Neat passenger houses, of Tuscan style, each 22 feet
long by 19 feet 4 inches wide, stand on either side of
the river over the passenger entrance. Eighteen steps
are in each house. Ventilation shafts are sunk 110 feet
from the entrance, and by these and other arrange-
ments the air of the tunnel will be kept fresh.
The following is a table of the dimensions and grades
of the tunnel :
From centre of Franklin to center of Clinton street,
1,603 feet.
Between arches, 930 feet.
Between entrances to passage way, 810 feet.
Grade of descent westward from Franklin street, 1
in 16, for distance of 306 feet.
Grade of descent eastward from Clinton street, 1 in
18, for distance of 625 feet.
Depth of river channel, at tunnel, 16 feet.
Between walls, at Franklin and Clinton streets, 23%
feet ; at arches, 19% feet.
Height of river section, 18.83 feet; of approaches,
20% feet.
Total length of Nicholson pavement, laid on Joliet
gravel, 1,608 feet.
The visitor will better understand the magnitude of
the enterprise by the following statistics :
From July, 1868, to December 31st, 1869, 600,000
54 The River Tunnels.
hours of mechanics and laborer's work have been
expended in its construction ; 45,000 cubic yards of
clay excavated ; 5,000 cubic yards of cement laid ; C,000
of brick, and 10,000 of stone masonry ; 10,000 of broken
stone and sand, and 20,000 barrels of Falls City cement.
In addition to the manual labor, a large amount of
horse and steam labor was used, and several stone
quarries were engaged in getting out the stone for the
abutments and arches, not to mention the manufacture
of the brick, which of itself gave employment to a large
number of workmen.
A few items of comparison with the celebrated
Thames Tunnel in London, England, will be found
interesting to the visi tor. The Thames Tunnel was built
for the purpose of effecting a ready communication for
wagons and pedestrians between the Middlesex and
Surrey sides of the river, at a point below London
bridge, where it is inconvenient to erect a bridge on
account of the width of the river and the heavy East
Indiamen and other vessels passing up to the docks.
The approaches have never been graded. Over each of
these shafts a small house is erected, and the descent is
by a winding staircase. Devised by Sir Isambart Brunei,
it was commenced in tlie year 1825, but was not opened
until 1843, and has never yet been finished, and proba-
bly never will be. It consists of two arched avenues,
1,200 feet long, lighted by gas, and cost £500,000 ster-
ling, or $2,500,000 in gold. Its income has never paid
its incidental expenses. In every foot are 6,000 bricks,
and its external dimensions are 37 feet 6 inches in
width, and 22 feet in height. During its construction
the river broke through five times, great loss of life
resulting from the irruption of the water.
It seems Fate decreed that the construction of a suc-
cessful tunnel should be deferred for the young city of
the Western World !
MORE TUNNELS.
The experiment of a tunnel under the river having
proved to be a success in the case of the Washington
street tunnel, it is now proposed to construct one at
Adams street and another one at LaSalle street. From
The Artesian Wells. 55
a communication addressed to the City Council by Mr.
E. S. Chesborough, the distinguished city engineer, we
gather the following interesting items :
The plan proposed for LaSalle street is in the main
features very similar to the one already constructed
at Washington street. Its total length, including
approaches from Randolph street on the south and
Michigan street on the north will be 1,930 feet. The
net estimate for the work is $457,342.32, but in view of
the possibility of occurrences difficult now to foresee, an
appropriation of $500,000 is asked for.
The plan proposed for the Adams street tunnel is
very much the same. The total length, extending from
the west side of Franklin to the east side of Clinton
street, is 1,527 feet, and the estimated cost about $400,000.
It is proposed that the work shall be prosecuted night
and day, and during the winter that the river portion
shall be roofed over to preserve in it at all times a tem-
perature above freezing, so that no interruption shall
occur from the inclemency of the weather.
THE ARTESIAN WELLS,
SITUATED on the corner of Chicago and Western
avenues, will well repay the trouble of a visit. They
are readily accessible by the Randolph street horse cars
to the city limits, where a few minutes' walk will
enable the visitor to reach the ground where they are
situated. The tract of land was bought by a company
in 1863, during the oil fever, for the purpose of boring
for oil, under the inspiration of a spiritual medium,
who asserted the existence of large quantities oil under-
lying the tract ; also, that beneath this ground there
was a " well of the purest, best and healthiest water
known any where, which would reach to the surface
with great force and power, and in quantities to supply
the people of this city for all time to come." The
boring commenced in December, 1863, with a diameter
of five inches, but had to be abandoned in the following
56 The Union Stock Yards.
January, in consequence of the tools getting fast in the
bottom of the well. In February, 1864, another boring
was commenced, and proceeded slowly until November
of the same year, when, at a depth of 711 feet below
the surface, water was struck, and has continued to
flow steadily and constantly at the rate of 600,000
gallons daily. In May, 1865, a twenty feet overshot
wheel, with the necessary machinery for boring, was
constructed, and a second well commenced, the power
being furnished by the water from the first well, which
was carried up 25 feet above the surface in a 3% inch
flume, whence it discharged over the wheel. This
second well is located about nine feet from the first.
On the 1st of November following, at a depth of 694
feet 4 inches, water was reached. The boring continued
to a depth of 1,100 feet. It is estimated that the two
wells are now flowing about one and a quarter million
gallons every twenty-four hours. During the progress
of the boring, about one hundred gallons of petroleum
was secured by pumping. There are two other Artesian
wells in the Union Stock Yards, which are described
on another page.
THE UNION STOCK YARDS.
No visitor to Chicago should fail in seeing this, the
great bovine city of the world, the live-stock market of
the north-west. The advantages offered by this mam-
moth enterprise to western dealers and feeders are un-
equalled in any market either in the old or new world.
The enterprise is owned by a chartered company with
a paid-up capital of one million dollars. The grounds
consist of 345 acres of land extending from Hulsted
street on the east to the south branch of the river, and
from Egan Avenue on the north, thence south on the
open prairie. The yards connect by special tracks with
all railroads centering in Chicago, hence, stock can be
received or shipped by or to any line, at all times with
the readiest dispatch. The connecting lines with the
Stock Yards, were constructed by the Union Stock
The Union Stock Yards. 57
Yard and Transportation Companies, and are about
twenty-one miles in length. The entire 345 acres of
land comprised in the Union Stock Yards are laid out
in streets and alley's in the same manner as a large city.
Through the centre, from north to south, runs a broad
avenue called Avenue E. It is one mile in length, and
seventy-five feet in breadth, and divided into three
sections, like a bridge, to facilitate the driving of cattle
through it. Droves passing to the south take one sec-
tion, those to the north another, passing on the way
without any inconvenience or stoppage. This avenue
intersects the entire grounds, and is paved with Nichol-
son pavement. There is not in Chicago a finer or a
smoother drive than it. It presents a very animated
scene when the yards are filled with countless herds of
cattle and swine, and teeming with the bustle and
activity of buying, selling and transporting stock.
Running parallel to Avenue E, are other streets, lead-
ing to the railroads that surround the yards, and to
different sections. These streets are crossed at right
angles by others running east and west — the principal
of which passes by the Stock Yards hotel, and has been
aptly named " Broadway." It leads from the hotel to
the Bank and Exchange Building, where the life and
excitement of the yards centre. It is sixty six feet
wide, planked with heavy plank, and traversed on the
side by a raised sidewalk. It is so curved as to carry
off the water into drains, somewhat similar to the roof
of a building. Parallel to Broadway run other streets
and avenues, which cross Avenue E at right angles,
dividing the whole into blocks like a well-laid-out city.
The irregular streets are caused by the curves made for
the railroads, but they lead off directly into the regular
avenues. These are all designated by letters and num-
bers, as are all the pens and different stalls and yards.
The pens for cattle and sheep vary in size, but are
nearly all laid out in rectangular shape. They are so
constructed that several can be thrown into one by
merely opening gates, like the rooms of a house. Gates
are also so arranged as to open across the road, turning
a drove directly into the pen, and closing after them.
In size, these enclosures vary from 20x25 feet, to
58 The Union Stock Yards.
85x112 feet, while others are precisely the size of a car,
calculated to hold just a car load of stock. These latter
are mostly arranged near the shoots at the different
railroads. The posts supporting the fences which form
these pens are cedar, sunk through holes in the plank-
ing and three feet into the ground. They average
about six feet apart all over the grounds. The cattle
pens are open, but those designed for hogs are covered
with sheds. The yards are provided with ample hay-
barns and corn-cribs, situated in different parts of the
enclosure, convenient to different sections of pens.
These barns are 30x150 feet long, one story high, and
are capable of holding 500 tons of hay each. The corn-
cribs are each near one of the barns. Their average
capacity is six thousand bushels of corn. The arrange-
ments for loading and unloading are as nearly perfect
as it is possible to conceive. Each railroad has one
thousand feet of unloading track for its own use exclu-
sively, and a corresponding array of shoots which are
so arranged that whole trains can be unloaded at once.
The arrangements are so perfect that any number of
cattle can easily be transferred from one road to another
without any risk of loss.
It is now proposed to cut a canal 160 feet wide from
the south branch of the river along Egan Avenue to
the cattle yards, of sufficient capacity to float vessels.
The river is already navigable to within a short dis-
tance of where the canal will enter it, and the remain-
der' can be easily dredged out. Vessels can then come
directly in front of the yards, and depart thence to any
Eort. This will afford greater facilities to the packing-
ouses which will be built in that region, as their pro-
ducts can be shipped without the expense of handling
consequent upon shipping from our present docks.
The company have now about 180 acres of land
reserved for future contingencies.
The following table gives the size, number of pens,
etc., belonging to this market :
ACRKS.
Quantity of land owned by the U. S. Y. and Transit Company... 848
Number of Acres in Pens 120
Number of Acres used for Hotel and other buildings 47
Number of Acres reserved for new Pens 173
The Union Stock Yards. 59
STOCK CAPACITY. — The Yards will conveniently con-
tain, at one and the same time, the following numbers
of Stock :
HEAD.
Cattle 25,000
Hogs 100,000
Sheep 50,000
Stalls for Horses 850
Total capacity 175,350
There are, for the thorough drainage of the Yards,
35 miles of under drains. The streets and alleys occupy
10 miles of length. There are 2,000 open Stock Pens,
or yards for Cattle ; 1,000 covered pens for Hops and
Sheep, and 2,700 gates. The pens, whether covered or
open, are all of them well fitted with troughs and
hydrants, the latter connected with the water tanks.
For the information of the curious we may state, that
the corn troughs, if placed close together, would occupy
a line five miles in length, and the feed troughs, if used
after the same fashion, would make a line 15 miles in
length.
Since the opening of the second Artesian Well, an
unlimited and indeed inexhaustible supply of pure
water is obtained for watering stock and all other use-
ful purposes. The following particulars respecting
these valuable wells will be read with interest :
THE FIRST STOCK YARD WELL.
A well 8 feet in depth was dug, in which, on the 14th
of May, 1866, drilling was commenced. Six feet of
downward progress were made the first day, 3 the sec-
ond, 9 the third, 2 the fourth, 8 the eighth, and 4 the
ninth.
The greatest progress was made on the 29th of Octo-
ber, when 64 feet were drilled. On the 20th of the
same month 46 feet were made ; 36 feet on the 13th, and
36 feet on the 6th. With these exceptions, and 34 feet
drilled on the 1st of June and 20 on the 2nd, the daily
amount of drilling was of a much smaller extent, and
probably did not average more than 8 or 10 feet. Sev-
eral minor streams of water were encountered, but it
was not until the 30th ot October that the final stream
60 The Union Stock Yards.
was reached. On this day 22 feet were drilled, making
a total depth of 1,032 feet. From this well 65,000 gal-
lons of water were yielded daily, and for a time it was
supposed that, with this great increase of the compa-
ny's water-power, it would be fully able to satisfy the
requirements of the yards ; but the lapse of a very few-
months showed the necessity of at least a second visi-
tation to the depths below.
THE LAST STOCK YARD WELL.
Determined to get enough of the required fluid, the
management, in the spring of 1867, instituted the pre-
liminary arrangements for sinking a second well.
Boring was commenced on or about the 14th of May,
1888, and on the 24th of February, after passing two
steeams of water, a vein was struck at the depth of
1,190 feet, which at the surface yields the unprecedented
quantity of 600,000 gallons a day.
These two wells, perfectly dissimilar in many of
their essential characteristics, wonderfully different in
the quantity of water yielded, yet only separated one
from the other by the distance of a few lineal feet,
have attracted considerable attention since their com-
pletion. They have been visited by large numbers of
scientific and practical men, and are justly regarded as
works of no mean importance in the scientific world.
THE TWO WELLS
are both beneath the same shed, and fill three tanks
that rest side by side. Each tank is elevated 45 feet
from the ground, and has a capacity of holding 114,000
gallons. The wells are 59 feet apart north and south,
in which distance the strata has a " dip" or inclination
of seven feet to the north-east. In the old well the first
bed of sandstone is 20 feel thicker than in the new one.
The stratum of underlying limestone is exactly twenty
feet thinner. With this exception, both borings present
materially the same features.
THE WATER
in the wells presents a marked and singular difference.
In the old well it is strongly impregnated with sulphur.
TJie Union Stock Yards. 61
So thoroughly is the impregnation, that the water not
only smells and tastes of the substance, but deposits it
profusely upon the bottom of the trough in which it is
received, and in the tank in which it is collected. After
exposure to the air for a few hours, the sulphur is partly
precipitated and partly carried off by the air, leaving a
perfectly colorless and tasteless fluid.
In the second well, on the other hand, there are no
sulphurous evidences; but the wrater is strongly charged
with one of the oxides of iron. It has no perceptible
odor, but its chalybeate characteristics are very apparent
to the taste, and to the eye in the iron-brown deposit
which covers the bottom of the receiving trough. Both
waters undoubtedly pcssess excellent medical proper-
ties, and, if only situated in some fashionable watering
place, would undoubtedly boast a national reputation.
THE FORCE OF THE WATER
of the last well is sufficient to discharge 600,000 gallons
a day at the surface. In carrying itself to the height of,
the tanks, an altitude of forty-five feet from the ground,
it loses so much force that only 450,000 gallons are dis-
charged at this point daily. It is estimated that at a
further height of 180 feet, being 175 from the surface,
the water would assume a stationary position.
The wells are both now in running operation at the
stock-yards. They are the only means used in the sup-
ply of the immense amount of water there constantly
required, and prove highly successful in every respect.
As living realizations of the laws of science; as proud
exemplihcations of the energy and will of our people,
they should command the Interest and attention of
every believer in Chicago and her institutions.
THE UNION STOCK- YARD EXCHANGE AND BANK.
The Union Stock- Yard National Bank, whose offices
are at the yards, is one of the most effective auxiliaries
in facilitating the general business of the market we
have. It was not founded as a mere commercial enter-
prise, for in the outset its promoters must have seen
divers ways of investing their capital of a more pro-
mising and remunerative character ; but such an insti-
62 The Union Stock Yards.
tution was an absolute necessity, and had therefore to
be provided. When the live-stock markets of Chicago,
for we had several, were located at a comparatively
short distance from the Court-house, access to city
banks was easy, but by removing the market away out
on the prairie, and beyond the city limits, due provision
was needful for the security and transmission of such
large sums of money as are handled in this special
business. The undertaking has proved a great success,
and is receiving the support of all prominent live-stock
operators in the West. This structure is built of brick,
and is two stories high, surmounted by four gables,
which give it a novel and picturesque appearance. It
stands on the corner of avenues D and E. The south
end of the building constitutes the bank. The room is
thirty-seven feet square, and provided with an immense
stone vault, said to be the strongest in the city, and
capable of withstanding the chisels and powder of any
number of burglars. Adjoining the bank is the office
of the Secretary of the company, a room 20 by 37 feet,
with a door opening into a separate compartment of the
vault. The remainder of the ground floor is a large
room 60 by 80 feet, known as the Exchange. On the
second floor are twelve commodious rooms, two of
which, in the east end, are used as telegraph offices,
and the others rented to brokers and others doing busi-
ness at the yards.
HOTEL.
For the accommodation of drovers and business men,
as well as visitors to the yards, a capacious hotel has
been erected, called the " Hough House." The edifice
cost $125,000. It is 30 feet front by 144 feet deep, and
six stories high. It fronts on Halsted street, and stands
on the south-east corner of the yards proper. It is.
built of light-colored brick, with a Mansard roof, and
surmounted with a cupola with a globe-like top and a
weather-vane. On the front of the hotel extends a
verandah fifty-two feet in length, which is reached by
a flight of about twenty broad steps, running the entire
length, the whole bordered by a handsome railing
similar to that which borders the balcony of the
The New West. 63
cupola. On the south side, which looks out upon the
prairie, is a similar verandah, eighty-four feet in length,
entered by the windows and several doors which open
upon it. From this point a most delightful view is
afforded. On a warm summer day this is one of our
most enjoyable suburban retreats.
THE SLOPE OF THE PACIFIC AND
THE NEW WEST.
THOUGH we have hewn out a wa3' through the
desert, and found enough to convince us that the best
part of the continent remains unsettled, our know-
ledge of the vast region lying west of the Missouri
is very slight, and exceedingly superficial, and no won-
der, when we consider that up to the year 1844, just a
quarter of a century ago, there were no white men more
than a giant's stone-throw west of the " Big Muddy."
Within that twenty- five years, since Polk sat in the
White House, and Louis Napoleon played his grand
coup d'etat, we have gathered all we know of a region
equal in extent to the whole of European Russia, which
has a population of seventy million souls. No wonder
that the surveyor's chain has been dragged over but
infinitesimal portions of the vast area, ancl that section
lines are few, though claims innumerable have been
staked off, and millions of dollars worth of the precious
metals dragged from the volcanic repose of centuries by
the adventurous searcher after gold.
The following statistics will give a clearer idea of the
extent of the country yet to be conquered, and help us
to a better comprehension of what they may become in
the future, than a volume of mere verbal description :
TERRITORY AND POPULATION.
The following shows the area in square miles of the
several States and Territories within the district of the
New West, with the population in 1860, and estimated
population at the present time :
64
The New West.
So. Mile*.
Alaska 577,890
Arizona 118,916
California 188,981
Colorado 104.500
Dakota 152,000
Idaho 90,982
Indian Territory 68,991
K*ns»3 81,318
Montana 148,776
Nebraska 75,995
Nevada 112,000
New Mexico 121,201
0 i egon 95,274
Utah 88,056
Washington Territory 69,994
Wyoming 88,000
Pop. 1860.
Not in
Pop. 1869.
75,000
Or»r. '63
25,000
{$79,994
580,000
84, -277
55,000
4,887
80,000
Org. '68
45,000
9,761
10,000
107,206
800.000
Org. '64
28,826
60,000
80,000
6,857
53,000
98,516
52.455
100,000
40,244
180,090
11, £.94
i 0,000
Org. '68
5,000
709,577
1,578,000
27,489,51)1
2.8
41,000,000
3.86
ToUl 2,172,416
Total of U. S. and Ter 8,078,892
Per cent 60.7
Including Alaska (70,000) this area contains about
210,000 Indians.
More than sixty per cent, of the whole territory of
the United States lies west of the Missouri proper, with-
out reference to that part which lies west of the Mis-
sissippi below the confluence of the two mighty rivers.
The whole of this territory is virtually opened up to us
of the " East " by the Pacific Railroad, and will, ere
long, be actually opened up by its branches. Thus
more than 2,000,000 square miles contained but 2.8 per
cent., or 10 in 357 of the entire population of the United
States and territories in 1860. At present it contains
one twenty-sixth part of the entire population, the
number being about double what it was nine years ago.
These figures will not necessarily show what will be the
growth of the next nine years, but they do show how
much of room and opportunity exists for it, and no one
can doubt that, with the opportunities and facilities
afforded by the Pacific Railroad, their future growth
will be so great that the increase of the past will be too
short a rod to measure it by.
PROPERTY VALUATIONS.
The following were the property valuations, real and
personal, of these States and Territories in 1850 and
1860, as then bounded :
The New West.
65
1850.
California $22,161,872
Kansas
Oregon 5,063,474
Nebraska
New Mexico 5,174,471
Utah
Washington Territory
Totals $33,385,900 $8)9, '275, 543
Totals U. S 7,135,780,223 $16,159,616,068
Per cent to whole 0.42 1.85
A valuation on the same scale to-day would give not
less than $25,000,000,000, of which about 1,000,000,000,
or four per cent,, belongs to the New West, as against
one part in 217 in 1850, and one part in 54 in 1860.
MANUFACTURES.
The following shows the principal manufacturing
statistics for 18GO :
Hands Em- Value of Pro-
Capital, ployed. duct.
California $22.043,09*5 49.221 $68,253,228
Kansas 1,084,935 1,735 4,357,408
Nebraska 2-i6,575 336 607.328
Oregon 1,337,238 978 2,976,761
Utah 444,3.')6 889 900,153
Washington Territory 1,296/200 870 1,406,921
Totals $26,471,400 53,529 $78,.r>02,799
Total U. S. AT 1,0^,855,715 1,811,246 1,885,861,676
Percent 2.6 4 4.16
It is significant of the energies of a new country, that
4 per cent, of the workers in the United States occupied
the New West in 1860, while it contained less than 3
per cent, of the population. There were few or no
idlers, and are few now — a fact which speaks volumes
for its future. The number of workers has about
doubled within the past nine years, and it is safe to
assume that the capital actually employed has more
than trebled within the same period, irrespective of
the increased value of land.
BANKS.
The following shows the number, capital, and circu-
lation, in September, 1868, of the National Banks west
5
66
The New West.
of the Missouri, except for California, which has no
National Banks. That State has a total of thirty-four
private bankers, and the State Bank has a capital of
$5,000,000.
No.
Kansas ............................. 5
Kebraska .......................... 4
Colorado .......................... 3
Nevada ............................ 1
Oregon ............................ 1
Utah .............................. 1
Montana ......................... 1
Idaho .............................. 1
Capital.
$4',K),000
85*1,000
8T>0,000
155,000
100,000
150,000
100,0'K)
100,000
Circulation.
$351,000
170,000
254,.!XM>
131,700
88,500
135,500
86,000
63000
Totals... .... 17
Total for United States ............. 1,629
Percent .......................... 1
$1,705,000 $1,283,700
426,189,111 809,915,166
0.4 0.4
The following was the estimated yield of the precious
metals in 1868 :
California ............................................... $20,000,000
Nevada ................................................ IS.iOO.OOO
Montana ................................................ 12,000,000
Idaho .................................................. 6,000,000
Oregon ................................................. 5,000,00(1
Colorado ........ ....................................... 4.000, Oool
Washington ............................................. 1 ,000,000*
Arizona _____ .......................................... 250,000
N«"t Mexico ............................................. 250,000
Total .................. . ............................ $66,500,000
The annual yield is equal to about 20^ per cent, of
the entire banking circulation of the Union, or sufficient
to redeem it all in the course of less than five years,
even in its present ratio. Estimating the total value
as equal only to ten years' product, it gives a specie
basis of $540 for every dollar of paper confided to the
care of the people of the New West. But this yield
will be largely increased as the facilities for transport-
ing men and machinery are opened up by the Pacific
Railroad. It is safe to estimate that the above tabu-
lated annual yield of gold and silver will be doubled
within the next four years.
Nebraska increased her corn area last year by 16,145
acres, or about twenty-five per cent. Kansas showed a
similar increase of 63,411 acres, or thirty per cent. ;
The New West. 67
while Iowa added to her corn area 336,682 acres, or fif-
teen per cent.
VOTES
The States and Territories west of the Missouri gave
last year a total of 173,202 votes, as follows : Kansas,
11,698; Idaho, 5,320; California, 108,670; Oregon,
22,086; Arizona, 2,093; Nebraska, 15,168; Colorado,
8,167. This was but about one vote to every 11^
squares miles of territory.
PRODUCTIONS.
The following are a few of the leading statistics of
the productive and commercial industries of California
in 1868 :
Cocoons of ailk (from 1,175,000 trees) 1,350,000
Eggs silk worms, do 1,350
Vintage, gnllons 8,500,000
Vintage brandy, gallons 800,000
Vessels built 57
Tonn age 7, 604
Passengers to and from Asia 10,095
Freights to and from Asia, ton* 18,295
Deposits in (8) savings b^nks $23,000,000
Increase by emigration, persons 85,000
Boots and shoes imported, packages 68,709
Domestic lumber, feet 197,672,000
Candles imported, boxes 264,589
Cigars imported, cases . 445
Coal imported, anthracite, tons 29,592
English coal imported, tons 29.561
Australian coal imported, tons 27,000
Pig iron imported, tons 16,659
Iron, bars 314,68*
Flour exported, brls 461,868
Wheat exported, bu 4,099,115
TALC! OF MBRCHAMDISE EXPORTS.
ToNewYork $8,541,976
To Great Britain 4,568,747
To Mexico 1,708,451
To South America 680,822
To Hawaiian Islands 808,746
To China 1,161,020
To British Columbia 918,589
To Japan 491,105
To Australia 1,035,835
To other countries 1,198,100
Totall868 $22, S
Total 1867 22,4(55; 908
Total 1S66 17,808,018
Total. Treas.
68 The New West.
Treasure Exports, 1868 .................... $35,444,895 $58,387,775
" " 18«7 .................... 4l,67«,792 64,142,6'?5
1866 .................... 44,864,394 61,667,411
Receipts of customs ...................................... 8,557,081
Receipts of customs, 1767 ............................... 7,611,958
Coinage 1868 ............................................ 17,^65.noO
Vessels, arrived, 8,253 : tonnage .......................... 1,085,016
Sales for fiscal pear 1867-8 ............................... $10.529,930
Commercial brokers' do ................................. 6,^38,300
Wholesale dealers ........................................ 18S,4S3,2<X)
Miscellaneous .......................................... 47,367,264
Total sales of the year .................................. $253,218,884
The statistics of vessels building are believed to in-
clude the whole Pacific coast.
That the growth of California and Oregon will be
wonderfully stimulated by the " great event " there
can be no question. California expects to more than
double her exports of breadstuff's this year, and her
commerce will increase in much the same proportion
by the opening up of a direct avenue of trade between
China and Japan through the ports of San Francisco
and Sacramento, while her population will, probably,
show a duplication of the augment of 1868. Yet the
future of California is not more brilliant than that of
the interior States ; they will, probably, grow even
more rapidly than she has done, for their wealth is but
just being discovered, and we are only just beginning
to be able to reach them.
The value of direct shipments of the precious metals from
Colorado in 1368, not including that taken by private
hands, was ....................................... ... $2,107,235
Of which gold amounted to .................. ............. 1,909.461
And silver to ............................................ 197,744
Value of agricultural products, 186S ..................... 2,683,840
Cultivation, Av.
acres. bu.
Wheat ....................................... 7,410 28
Corn ......................................... 10.834 25
Oats, barley, etc ............................. 8,709 85
Potatoes ..................................... 1,966 100
Total acre* ................................... 23,919
The railroad now building to connect the Pacific
trunk line with the far-famed Pike's Peak region,
The New West. 69
opening up the Colorado parks and exposing its min-
eral treasures to the labor of the miner, as to the light
of day, will make the preceding figures small by com-
parison with those of 1870.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The following are statistics of the Territory of Wyo-
ming for 1868 :
Letters mailed, No , 505,696
Letters received, No 536,243
Stamps cancelled $16,148
Stamps and stamped envelopes sold $12,409
Gross sales merchandise 7,300,000
Paid for freight, exclusive of government 2,163,355
Value lumber sold 825.000
Receipts, passenger and express (W., F. & Co.) 804,000
Average cash deposited in banks 680,000
Loans and discounts 180,000
Eastern exchange sold 16,200,000
Cash paid over bank counters 25,400,000
Gold bought by banks 110.000
Freight received, Ibs 74,010,654
And this is the youngest born into the sub-family of
the Territories. Cheyenne alone promises to beat this
exhibit next year.
The following are some of the productive statistics
of Utah Territory for the year 1868 :
Acres under cultivation 180,000
Of which the cereals comprise 80,000
Sugar cane 2,000
Root crops 6,800
Cotton 200
Apples 900
Peaches 1,000
Grapes 75
Currants 195
Meadow 80,000
Acres irrigated in 1867 94,000
Cost of same $247,002
Property value in 1868 $10,533,879
Tax assessed on do $52,666
Schools (in 186 districts, 18,000 pupils) 228
Property valuation of Salt Lake country $4,879,650
This is what the Mormons have done — created it out
of dead sterility. They have helped to build the Pacific
Railroad, and are even now building a railroad for
themselves, to make direct connection with the heart
70 The New West.
of Utah and the world's highway. It is more than
probable that Utah will grow, too.
DISTANCES.
The following table shows the distances of the prin-
cipal points on the route of the Pacific Railroad, each
way, with the elevation in feet above the sea level :
Distance, Distance,
miles. Elevation, miles.
NewYork .... 8,850
Chicago 960 625 2,890
Omaha 463 957 1,897
Kearney 683 2,1*8 1,707
North Platte 784 2,830 1,606
Cheyenne.... 1,009 6,062 1,881
Sherman (Summit) 1,042 8,262 1,848
Bryan ...1,854 6,810 1,0:36
Wahsatch 1,462 6,880 928
WeberCanon 1,517 4,654 878
Ogden (Salt Lake) 1,528 4,820 862
Promontory Point 1,581 4,948 809
Humboldt Wells*. 1,750 5,650 640
Elcho (White Pine) 1,810 5,630 680
Summit Sierra 2,165 7,042 225
Colfax 2,216 2,448 174
Sacramento 2,270 56 120
San Francisco. 2,390
The following shows the distances in miles, and the
time consumed in traveling, between Chicago and San
Francisco:
Miles. Hours.
Chicago to Omaha 498 24*
Omaha to Cheyenne 516 25J-
Cheyenne to Ogden (Utah) 519 28
OgdentoElcho 282 12*
Elcho to Sacramento 460 16
Sacramento to San Francisco 120 18}
Totals 8^890 220~
The rates of fare west of Ogden City are 10 cents
per mile in gold, but it is expected that they will be
materially reduced after the 1st of July. (For the
above deeply interesting article, we are indebted to the
Chicago Trilwne of May 10th, 1869.)
Universities and Colleges. 71
UNIVEKSITIES AND COLLEGES.
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
Is located within four miles of the Court House, and on
the route of the Cottage Grove horse-cars, within a few
steps of the shore of Lake Michigan. It is conducted under
the auspices of the Baptist denomination, but is founded
on a broad and liberal basis. It is built on a beautiful
tract of ground donated by Hon. S. A. Douglas. It
was founded in 1855, and the first building erected
in 1858. The main central building is 126x172 feet,
and was completed in 1868, at a cost of $110,000. It is
of Athens marble, and is of very imposing appearance.
The property, with endowments, is valued at $400,000.
OBSERVATORY.
With the extension of the Chicago University, it
was determined to found an observatory which should
be an honor to the west. A number of scientific gentle-
men met and pledged their assistance. It was at first
proposed to procure a small instrument from New
York, but it was soon decided that Chicago wanted no
makeshift, and the celebrated Clark telescope was
secured, which had been made to the order of a Loui-
siana college, but not taken owing to the breaking out
of the war. An observatory costing $30,000 was built
on the western side of the University, and in 1864 the
telescope was brought here anil put in position, Prof.
T. H. Safford being appointed Astronomer. The tower
is called "the Dearborn." It is a massive octagonal
structure, comprising a solid, isolated stone pier (the
cap or tripod stone of which weighs over seven tons)
within an octagonal stone tower 35 feet on the base,
the whole surmounted by a revolving dome, which
covers the room except in one point, where the teles-
cope is pointed through an aperture. The following
are the dimensions of the great Equatorial telescope,
which moves by clock-work, keeping pace with the
Universities and Colleges.
Universities and Colleges. 73
revolutions of the earth on her axis, so that when once
pointed to a star it will keep pace with it in its ethereal
journey as long as may be needed to complete the re-
quired observation :
Diameter of Declination Circle, 30 inches.
Diameter of Hour Circle, 22 inches.
Focal Length of Object Glass, 23 feet.
Aperture of Object Glass, 18}£ inches.
The circles are read by two microscopes each, the
hour circle to seconds of time, and the declination circle
to ten seconds of space. The Observatory has also a
chronometer, and a small astronomical library.
A meridian circle of the first class has been con-
structed by Messrs. A. Repsold & Sons, of Hamburgh.
This instrument has a telescope of six French inches
aperture, and divided circles of fort}7 inches diameter;
otherwise it is like Bessel's celebrated Kcenigsberg
circle, by the same makers, with some late improve-
ments in the illumination of the field and the wires,
and with apparatus for recording declinations, a new
invention of the makers.
THE PRESBYTERIAN THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARY
Is situated on the corner of Fullerton avenue and North
Halsted street. The building was erected in 1863.
This Seminary was founded in 1859 by the Old School
Genrial Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. The
edifice is a very handsome building of pressed brick, 72
by 40 feet, with stone facings and caps, the basement
being also of stone. The entire height is five stories.
The Seminary has two libraries of nearly 7,000 volumes.
The property is valued at $200,000.
THE CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,
Located on Warren street, corner of Reuben street, was
chartered in 1855. It belongs to the Congregational
Church, but is open to the students of all denomina-
tions. Tuition is gratuitous to all students, and those
who need it receive aid to the amount of $150 per year.
The building is in the Norman style of architecture, a
74 Universities and Colleges.
monument to the enterprise and liberality of the
denomination. It has a frontage on Union Park of 155
feet, and another on Warren street of 120 feet.
THE NORTHWESTERN METHODIST EPISCO-
PAL UNIVERSITY
Is now located at Evanston, twelve miles north of the
city. It was founded in Chicago in 1852. The build-
ings are magnificent. The total value of the property
is about $600,000. There are now nearly two hundred
students in the institution.
THE GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE,
A Methodist institution, is also located at Evanston.
It was founded in 1855, and has now over one hundred
students. The property is worth about $400,000.
UNIVERSITY OF ST. MARY'S OF THE LAKE,
Is situated on Superior street, near North State street.
It was established in 1844, and a fine new building
erected in 1863, under the presidency of the Rev. Dr.
McMullen. It is now used only for the Seminarians,
or candidates for priestly orders in the Catholic Church
for the Diocese of Chicago.
COLLEGE OF ST. IGNATIUS.
This is a new college now in course of erection on
West Twelfth street, corner of Blue Island Avenue,
and adjoining the Church of the Holy Family. The
building, when completed, will be one of the hand-
somest educational structures in the country. It is
built of light colored pressed brick, with stone trim-
mings, and will cost $250,000. It will be under the
charge of the Jesuit Fathers, and will accommodate
a very large number of students. It is expected that it
will be ready for the reception of students by the open-
ing cf the coming year.
Universities and Colleges.
76 Universities and Colleges.
ACADEMY OP THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS.
The Academy of the Christian Brothers, on Van
Buren street, near Clark, was first opened in the spring
of 1868, and has already achieved a very high and
deserved celebrity. In the Order of the Christian
Brothers, founded for the purpose of devoting them-
selves to the education of youth, the members are
trained especially to fulfill the duties of teachers. How
well they perform the onerous duties of their calling, is
attested by the great success and popularity of
their schools in Europe, and of late years in this
country. Students of all denominations are received,
and the religious opinions of the parents respected and
never interfered with in the child. The Academy at
99 Van Buren street is a large and well-appointed
building, erected for the purpose at a cost of $60,000,
under the directorship of Bro. Francis de Sales, one of
the most accomplished and successful teachers this
celebrated order has amongst them.
LAW SCHOOL.
Connected with the University of Chicago, but nearly
independent in its operation, is a Law School, con-
ducted in Oriental building, LaSalle street. Henry
Booth, Esq., is Dean.
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
BUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE,
Located on the corner of Indiana and North Dearborn
street, was established in 1843. The new building,
erected in 1857 at a cost of $70,000, is one of the finest
educational structures in the West. The College pos-
sesses a large and well-selected library, besides ample
chemical apparatus, a laboratory, and a museum filled
with every needed means of illustration and study in
all the varied branches of medical science.
Universities and Colleges.
77
78 Universities and Colleges.
THE CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE.
This institution, formerly the medical department of
Lind University, was established in 1858, and is now in
a prosperous condition. The spacious building it occu-
pies, on the corner of State and Twenty-second streets,
was erected in 1864, and, with the lot, cost $20,000.
THE HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE,
Located at number 619 State street, was established in
1855 at 161 Clark street, and removed to its present
location, in a fine new building, in February, 1868. As
its name indicates, it is devoted to the preparation of
practitioners of the Homoeopathic system of medicine.
SCHOOLS.
The education of the youth of Chicago has, from the
very earliest period in the history of the City, engaged
the earnest and most solicitous attention of her citizens,
and to-day the public, private, and secular schools of
Chicago will bear favorable comparison with any city
on the continent. The rapid growth of the city has
rendered it a continuous difficulty to keep pace in
accommodation for the scholars claiming admission.
The present system of public schools dates as early as
1839, two years only after Chicago became an incorpo-
rated city, although the first public school under the
school fund derived from the state grant of lands was
started in 1834. In 1839 there were four teachers, but
no regular school house. The city expended that year
$1,600 for its schools. The High School was estab-
lished by an ordinance of the City Council in 1855, and
was first opened on the 8th of November, 1856. The
edifice is located on Monroe street, near Halsted street,
and cost $50,000.
From the report of the Board of Education we com-
pile the following totals :
Universities and Colleges. 79
Population of city, April, 1868 242,378
Number entitled to attend schools 64,229
School districts — Grammar 21
Primary 6 — 27
Number of schools— High 1
Grammar 21
Primary 6 — 28
Number of buildings— Owned 88
Rented 11— 49
Having number of rooms 873
In which are employed :
Male teachers 60
Female teachers 841— 401
With enrolled pupils 29,9.~>4
With an average daily attendance of 17,658.1
The percentage of punctual attendance being 96.4
The ratio of all belonging in all the schools to the number
of school age being .286
The average number of pupils to a teacher being in —
Hi^h School 32.4
Grammar Schools 47.0
Prim «ry Schools 51.0
During the year there were :
Suspensions for absence 2,946
Suspensions for misconduct 3,921 — 6,237
Cost per scholar for tuition upon average daily attendance $15.71
Cost per scholar for incidentals 4.18
Cost per scholar for his share of valuation of school prop-
erty 8.95
Annual cost per scholar $28.84
Present number of seats in public schools 20,037
Number of pupils enrolled 20,879
Number awaiting seats l,f>90
Number of private schools in school districts 118
With pupils Catholic 10,178
Scandinavian and German 8,457
Israelitish ; 303
Other schools 8,780
17,718
Total receipts for fiscal year 1867 —
School tax $387,486.99
State fund 6,9»7.M
Rentsand interest 40,681.95
485,077.45
School construction bonds 298, 158.76
Total receipts $738,235.81
Total expenditures —
From school tax fund $-349,145.25
From school building fund 297, 198.05
646.34S.80
Balance of school fund on hand April, 1868 $130,159.61
The salaries of teacher* amounted to 277,203.85
80 Literary and Scientific, Institutions.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
INSTITUTIONS.
THERE is every reason to believe that very soon the
purely literary and scientific institutions of Chicago
will be as conspicuous as is now its marvelous material
growth. The centre of the commerce of the Mississippi
Valley, and destined soon to control the wonderful
mineral resources of the Far West, Chicago's higher mis-
sion is undoubtedly to become a centre of culture and
refinement for the whole land. Indeed many of the
most prominent merchants and capitalists of the city
are already turning their thoughts towards the found-
ing of such institutions as shall carry their names down
to the latest posterity as wise and liberal promoters of
the arts and sciences.
Among the more prominent of these is
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,
located at No. 263 Wabash avenue, was established in
1857, and the formation of a Museum was then com-
menced, the labor of collecting being principally per-
formed under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institute,
by Major Robert Kennicott, who died in the early part
of I860, while engaged in an exploration of the then
Hussian America, since purchased by the United States.
In 1865, Professor Agassiz being then delivering a course
of lectures in Chicago, the occasion was seized upon to
give a little more vitality to the institution, and funds
were raised by the issuing of Life memberships of $500
each. The collections of the Society were removed to
rooms in the Metropolitan Block, and there arranged
pending the erection of the new building, now occupied
by the Academy at No. 268 Wabash avenue, near Van
Buren street. In 1866 the Metropolitan Block was
burned, and the collections of the academy injured by
fire, over eighteen thousand specimens being burned.
Literary and Scientific Institutions. 81
The new building, costing about $40,000, is 55 feet by
50, fire proof, and very strongly built, though plain in
external appearance, as it will eventually form only an
adjunct to a larger and finer building to be erected on
the front of the lot, which is owned by the academy.
The first two stories contain the library, work rooms,
offices, etc., while the upper story forms the museum,
which is twenty-eight feet high, and surrounded by
two galleries. Dr. William Stimpson is secretary.
THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Is located on the corner of Ontario and North Dear-
born streets. It was organized in 1856 with nineteen
members, and chartered in the following year, occupy-
ing rooms in the Newberry block, on the corner of
Wells and Kinzie streets. Under the management of
Rev. Wm. Barry, the indefatigable secretary, the society
amassed a rare collection of old books and manuscripts,
with numerous valuable specimens, and incited to much
original research into the natural and ethnological his-
tory of the northwest. The collection now numbers
about 100,000 items, including 15,000 bound volumes ;
the society consists of about sixty active members ; T.
H. Armstrong secretary. A fire-proof building designed
as a wing of a future edifice was erected in 1868 at a
cost of about $35,000. The cost of the entire building
when finished will be about $200,000. The building will
have a frontage of one hundred and twenty feet on
Ontario street, and one hundred and thirty-two feet on
Dearborn, and will be sixty-six feet high from the side-
walk, besides a basement nine and one-half feet high.
The first story will be eighteen feet high, and will con-
tain a large entrance hall, a reading room, lecture room,
office, museum, and binding and store-room. An open
court will extend the whole height of the building, and
be covered by a glass roof. This court will be 36x24
feet, and will be finished with smooth walls and marble
floor, and is intended for the exhibition of statuary and
other works of art.
82 Libraries.
THE CHICAGO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION,
Formerly the Young Men's Library, is in the hall on
the corner of Randolph and LaSalle streets, generally
known as Metropolitan Hall. The association derives
its income from the annual fees of membership and
proceeds of lectures. A movement is now progressing
to accumulate a building fund for the erection of a
suitable edifice which shall supply the present and
future needs of the Association. In the rooms of the
library may be found the latest files of all home and
foreign newspapers and periodicals of merit.
UNION CATHOLIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Is located at No. 122 LaSalle street. It was organ-
ized in 1868 by a few public spirited gentlemen, and is
now in a very flourishing condition. It has a very
excellently appointed reading room, and a well selected
library of choice works, to which additions are being
constantly made.
IRISH LITERARY ASSOCIATION.
This association meets in Blake's building, oh Wash-
ington, near the corner of Wells street. It is yet in its
infai'Cy, having been organized in March, 1869. It is
established on broad and liberal principles, independent
of creed and sect, for the mutual, social, and literary
advancement of its members.
LIBRARIES.
Chicago in her rapid advancement in material pro-
gress, has not altogether overlooked the advantages to
be derived from well selected libraries. There are in
the city many of the most valuable and extensive pri-
vate collections in the country. Amongst the public
libraries, that of the Law Institute is probably the most
Telegraph and Express Companies. 83
valuable. The libraries of her institutions of learning
keep equal pace with their prosperity. That of the
Historical Society is a very extensive collection. The
next in prominence and value is that collected by the
Young Men's Association, in Library Hall, corner of
LaSalTe and Randolph streets, now the Chicago Library
Association.
The following is a list of the Public Libraries in the
City:
LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS.
Chicago Historical Society, Ontario, between Clark
and Dearborn streets.
Chicago Law Institute, Third floor of Court House.
Free Library, N. Reuben st, near W. Chicago Ave.
Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Halsted street, <?or.
Fullerton Ave.
Chicago Library Association, Randolph, cor. LaSalle
street
Young Men's Christian Association, Madison, between
Clark and LaSalle streets.
Union Catholic Library Association, 122 LaSalle street.
TELEGRAPH COMPANIES.
Western Union Telegraph Company — Office, northwest
cor. Washington and LaSalle streets.
EXPRESS COMPANIES.
American Merchants Union Express Company — Office,
96 and 98 Lake street.
United States Express Company — Offices, 130 Lake, and
18 and 20 Clark street
84 Transportation Companies.
FOREIGN CONSULS IN CHICAGO.
Belgium — I. F. Henrotin, 110 N. LaSalle street.
Denmark (Vice- Consul) — P. Neils Peterson.
France (Vice-Consul} — Edmond Caney, residence 175
Lake street.
Great Britain — Francis Wilkins, acting consul, Office,
30 Reynolds Block.
Italy — August Fredin, residence 175 Lake street.
Netherlands (Consular Agent) — Henry S. Haas, Office,
161 Clark street.
Sweden and Norway — Peter L. Hawkinson, 2 Uhlich's
Block.
Switzerland — Henry Enderis, 45 Clark street; Louis
Borein, Vice-Consul.
Nffrth German Confederation — Henry Claussenius, 4 S.
Clark street.
STEAMBOAT AND TRANSPORTATION COM-
PANIES.
American Transportation Company — Office, 19 Ex-
change Place.
Atlantic & Pacific Freight Express Line— Office, 41
Dearborn street.
Blue Line (Through Freight) — Office, 31 Dearborn
street.
Buffalo, Cleveland & Chicago Line — 190 S. Water street.
Chicago & Green Bay Propeller Line — First Dock east
of Rush street.
Chicago, Grand Haven & Muskegon, and Milwaukee, Port
Washington, Sheboygan, Manitowoc & Two Rivers Line
—First Dock east of Rush street Bridge.
Chicago dc St. Joseph Line — Office, 4 and 6 River street.
Chicago & Grand Traverse Propeller Line — Office, Lum-
ber street, cor. Maxwell.
Clary & Akhursi Line of Canal Boats — Office, Room 1,
Steel's Buildings.
Empire Line — Office, 52 S. Clark street.
and Publications. 85
Brans' Buffalo & Chicago Line of Propellers — Office,
Market street, between Washington and Madison.
Goodrich Transportation Company — Offices, on docks
below Rush street bridge.
Grand Trunk Line and Lake Superior Line of Steamers
— Office, S. Water St., foot of S. LaSalle street.
Grand Trunk Line of Propellers — Office, foot of La-
Salle street.
Great Western Despatch Fast Freight Line— [Offices, 130
Lake, and 20 Clark streets.
Lake Superior People's Line of Steamers — Office, Market
St., between Washington and Madison.
Merchants Despatch Fast Freight Line — Office, 40 Dear-
born street.
Michigan Canal & Illinois River Propeller Line — Office,
foot of Wabash Ave.
Northern Transportation Company — Office, foot of N.
LaSalle street.
Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago Fast Freight Line —
Office, 65 Clark street.
Red Line Transit Company — Office, 54 Clark street.
Star Union Line — Office, 62 and 64 LaSalle street.
Stephens' St. Joseph, South Haven & Chicago Propeller
Line — Office, 4 and 6 River street.
Union Despatch Company — Office, Monroe street, near
State.
Western Express <& People's Line — Office, S. Water St.,
foot of State.
Western States Line — Office, Market St., near Madison.
Western Transportation Company — Office, foot of State
street.
NEWSPAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS.
The daily press of Chicago is universally acknowl-
edged to be in ability and enterprise fully up to the
metropolitan standard. There are now issued in
Chicago three first-class daily morning papers in Eng-
lish, and two in German, and two evening papers. Each
of the dailies issue a tri-weekly and weekly edition.
There are eight daily publications of a miscellaneous
86 Churches.
character, and thirty weeklies, of which nine are
specially devoted to religion, two of these in the Ger-
man language, and one in the Swedish. There is one
weekly printed in Italian, one in Scandivavian, two in
the railroad interest, two spiritual, one insurance
organ, and one to the Irish race, two agricultural, and
one workingman's advocate. Of the sixteen month-
lies three are religions, one of them being printed
in the Swedish language, one is devoted to insurance,
one to music, one to the order of Odd Fellows, and the
balance of a miscellaneous order. There are ten
monthly magazines, of which two are medical, (in
addition to a quarterly medical issue) one is German,
two Masonic, two religious and two literary, and one
devoted to the advancement of the arts.
CHURCHES IN CHICAGO.
MANY of the church edifices in Chicago are of great
elegance and beauty, and should not be overlooked by
visitors who desire to see every thing in the city worth
seeing. Our space does not admit of a detailed descrip-
tion, but we may be permitted to indicate a few of the
most prominent and noteworthy. Christ, Grace,
Trinity, St. James, and the Bishop's Church, Episcopal ;
The Church of the Holy Name, Holy Family, (Jesuit)
and St. Joseph's (Catholic); First Baptist, Union Park
Baptist, and Fifth Baptist ; The New England and Ply-
mouth, Congregational ; Grace, Centenary and Wabash
Avenue Methodist Episcopal ; The First, Second, and
Third Presbyterian ; The First and Messiah Unitarian,
and St. Paul's Universalist, are about the principal
churches in architectural beauty.
The hours of divine service in nearly all the churches
in Chicago are at 10^ A.M. and 7J£" P.M. Sabbath-
school at 2 P.M.
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.
88 Churches.
LIST OF CHURCHES IN CHICAGO.
BAPTIST.
Bridgeport Baptist Church, Iron Clad Hall.
First Baptist Church, Wabash av., cor. Hubbard court.
First Danish Baptist Church, Union nr. W. Indiana st.
First German Baptist Church, Indiana, near Wood st.
Free Baptist Church, W. Jackson, cor. Peoria st
Indiana Av. Baptist Church, Indiana av. cor. 13 st.
North Baptist Church, N. Dearborn, cor. Chicago av
Olivet Baptist Church, (colored) 4th av. nr. Taylor st.
Providence (col'd) Lecture Room Union Park Church.
Second Baptist Church, W. Monroe, S. W. cor. Morgan.
Second German Baptist, Chicago av., cor. Chase st.
Swedish Baptist Church, 110 Breiner st.
Union Park Baptist, W. Washington, cor. Paulina st.
Wabash Av. Baptist Church, Wabash av. cor. 18th st.
South Baptist Church, Boniface st., Bridgeport.
Fifth Baptist Church, Sangamon, cor. of Harrison.
North Star Mission, cor. Division and Sedgwick sta.
University Place Baptist Church.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
Christian Church, cor. Wabash av. and 16th sts.
Second Church, cor. Carpenter and Church sts.
CONGREGATIONAL.
First Church, W. Washington, cor. Green.
New England Church, White st., cor. N. Dearborn.
Plymouth Church, Wabash av., cor. Eldridge court.
Salem Church, Cleaverville.
South Church, Calumet av., N. E. cor. 26th st.
Tabernacle Church, cor. W. Indiana and N. Morgan st.
Union Park Church, Reuben, cor. W. Washington st.
Oakland Congregational Church, Lake, cor. Oakland av.
Bethany Church, cor. Paulina and 2nd sts.
Leavitt Street Church, W. Adams, cor. Leavitt st.
Lincoln Park, cor. Centre and Church sts.
North- West Mission Chapel,Milwaukee,cor. Western av.
Providence Mission, cor. Western av. and Warren av.
Churches. 89
EPISCOPAL.
The Cathedral, cor. W. Washington and Peoria sts.
Calvary Church, Warren av. cor. Western av.
Christ Church, Michigan av., S E. cor. 24th st.
Church of the Ascension, cor. N. La Salle and Elm sts.
Church of the Holy Communion, Burnside st.
Grace Church, Wabash av. near 14th st.
St. Ansgarius, Indiana, cor. N. Franklin st.
St. John's Church, W. Lake st., cor. St. John's pi.
St. James' Church, cor. Cass and Huron sts.
St. Mark's Church, Cottage Grove.
St. Stephen's Church, Forquer, cor. Blue Island av.
Trinity Church, Jackson st., near Michigan av.
Church of the Epiphany, Throop, near W. Monroe st.
Church of the Atonement, Washington, cor. Robey st.
Church of Our Saviour, Belden, cor. Hurlbut st.
Cicero Mission Chapel, cor. Lake and Seymour sts.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION OP NORTH AMERICA.
First Society, Polk St., cor. 3rd av.
Second Church, Chicago av., cor. Wells.
Third Church, W. 12th, S. W. cor. Union st.
GERMAN EVANGELICAL REFORMED.
First Church, Des Plaines, near Van Buren st.
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN.
St. Paul's Church, Superior cor. N. Franklin.
Immanuel Church, W. Taylor, cor. Brown st.
Third, St. John's Church, 1st st., cor. Bickerdike.
Trinity Church, Hanover, cor. Kossuth st.
ENGLISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN.
First Church, Dearborn, north-east cor. Ontario st.
UNITED EVANGELICAL.
First German, St. Paul's, Ohio st., S. W. cor La Salle.
Fourth German, St. Peter's, Chicago av., cor Noble st.
Zion Church, Union, N. W. cor. Mitchell st.
Third German, Salem Church, 21st st., cor. Archer ave.
90 Churches.
INDEPENDENT.
Mission Church, Illinois st., bet. N. Wells and La Salle.
JEWISH CONGREGATIONS.
Church of the North Side, Superior, near Franklin st.
Sinai Congregation, Van Bcren st., cor. 3d ave.
Kehilath Anshe Maarib, Wabash ave., cor. Peck ct.
Kehilath Benay Sholom, Harrison st., N. W. cor. 4th av.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
Simpson Street Church, Bonfield st., near St. Louis
railroad.
CentenaryChurch,Monroe,bet. Morgan and Aberdeen sts
First Church, Clark, cor. Washington st.
First Scandinavian, Illinois, cor. Market st.
Free Methodist Church, Jefferson, near Polk st.
Grace Church, N..La Salle st., N. W. cor. Chicago ave.
Park Avenue Church, Park avenue, S. E. cor. Robey st.
Second Scandinavian, N. Sangamon, cor. 4th. st.
Trinity Church, 21st, cor. Indiana ave.
Wabash Avenue Church, cor. Harrison st.
West Indiana Church, cor. N. Sangamon st.
Wesley Chapel, Blackhawk, cor. Sedgwick st.
Grant Place Church, Larrabee St., cor. Grant Place.
Maxwell Street Church, between Newberry avenue
and Johnson st.
Elston Road Church, Elston Road, cor. North ave.
Free M. E. Church, Morgan, bet. Lake and Fulton sts.
Indiana Avenue Church, between 32d and 33d sts.
African M. E. Church, 4th av., near Taylor st.
Illinois Chapel (African), Jackson st, cor. 4th av.
GERMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
First German, 45, 47, and 49 Clybourne av.
West German Church, Maxwell, near Newberry st.
German Church, Van Buren, near Clark st.
LUTHERAN.
First Norwegian Evangelical, N. Franklin, cor. Erie st.
Our Saviour Church, N. May, cor. W. Erie st.
Churches. 91
Swedish Evangelical Church, 190 and 192 Superior st.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Unchanged
Augsburg Confession, N. Peoria, cor. W. Indiana st.
PRESBYTERIAN — NEW SCHOOL.
Calvary Presbyterian Church, Indiana av., cor. 22d st.
First Hyde Park Church, Hyde Park.
First Presbyterian Church, Wabash av., near Van
Buren st.
Eighth Presbyterian Church, Robey, cor. W. Wash-
ington street.
Ninth Presbyterian Church, Ellis av.
Olivet Church, Wabash av., cor. 14th st.
Second Presbyterian Church, Wabash av., cor. Wash-
ington st.
Seventh Presbyterian Church, Halsted, cor. Harrison st.
Third Presbyterian Church, Carpenter St., cor. W.
Washington.
Thirty-first street Presbyterian Church, 31st st.
Welsh Church. Monroe, cor. Sangamon st.
Westminster Presbyterian Church, Ontario cor. N.
Dearborn st.
Reformed Presbyterian Church, May, cor. Fulton st.
PRESBYTERIAN — OLD SCHOOL.
Fullerton Avenue Church, Fullerton av., near Clark st.
Jefierson Chapel, Adams, N. E. cor. Throop st.
North Presbyterian Church, Cass, S. E. cor. Indiana st.
South Presbyterian Church, Wabash av., nr. Congress.
Twenty-eighth St. Church, 28th st., near Wabash av.
PRESBYTERIAN — SCOTCH.
First Church, W. Adams, cor. Sangamon st.
Scotch Presbyterian Church, Peoria, near Monroe st.
PRE SB YTERIAN — UNITED.
First United Presbyterian, Green, near W. Monroe st.
Third United Presbyterian, Superior, cor. N. Franklin.
REFORMED DUTCH.
First Church, Harrison, cor. May st.
American Reformed Church, W. Washington, nr. Ann.
92 Churches.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
Cathedral of the Holy Name, N. State st., cor. Superior.
Church of the Holy Family, West 12th, cor. May st.
Church of the Immaculate Conception, N. Franklin st.
Notre Dame de Chicago, Halsted, near Harrison st.
St. Bridget's Church, Bridgeport.
St. Boniface's Church, Cornell, N. E. cor. Noble st.
St. Columbkill Church, N. Paulina, cor. W. Indiana st.
St.$Francis of Assissium, W. 12th st., cor. Newberry.
St. John's .Church, Clark, cor. 18th st.
St. James' Church, Prairie av., bet. 26th and 27th sts.
St. Joseph's Church, Chicago av., N. E. cor. Cass st.
St. Louis' Church, Sherman, near Polk st.
St. Mary's Church, Wabash av., S. W. cor. Madison st.
St. Michael's, North av., cor. Church st.
St. Patrick's Church, S. Desplaines, N. W. cor. Adams.
St. Paul's, cor. Mather and Clinton sts.
St. Peter's, Clark, cor. Polk st.
St. Wenzeslaus, De Koven, N. E. cor. Desplaines st.
8WEDENBORGIAN.
Chicago Society of New Jerusalem, Adams, nr. State st.
German Society, Reuben st., near W. Chicago av.
UNITARIAN.
Church of the Messiah, Wabash av. cor. Hubbard ct.
Unity Church, cor. Dearborn and Whitney Sts.
All Souls, Ada, near Washington st.
UNIVER8ALI8T.
St. Paul's, Wabash av., cor. Van Buren st.
Church of the Redeemer, Sangamou, cor. Washington st.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
Christian Church, cor. Wabash av. and 16th st.
Second Church, cor. Carpenter and Front st.
QUAKERS.
Friends Meeting, 26th St., bet. Indiana and Prairie avs.
Churches.
93
MISCELLANEOUS CHURCHES AND MISSIONS.
Church of God, cor. Warren av. and Robey st.
Christian Church, Indiana av. and 25th st.
Daily Noon Prayer Meeting, 148 and 150 Madison st.
Free Church, cor. Kankakee av. and 33rd st.
Advent Church, Monroe, bet. Clark and LaSalle sts.
Providence Mission, cor. Western and Warren avs.
Tammany Hall Mission, Lincoln, cor. Indiana sts.
Bremner Hall Mission, 340 N. Carpenter st.
Farwell Hall, Madison, bet. Clark and LaSalle sts.
Shields Mission, 21st st., cor. Wentworth av.
Outward Mission, Perch st., bet. Leavitt and Oakley.
From " Colbert's Chicago," already frequently quoted
in this work, we take the following table :
RECAPITULATION.
These figures have been obtained in nearly every
case from parties supposed to be good authority in the
several denominations named, and some of them are
doubtless liberal enough. The total Catholic attendance
is probably of this character. A careful count would
scarcely show a total attendance of 101,000 persons on
any one Sunday of the year, in all the churches of the
city, Catholic and Protestant. The following are the
totals :
Denomination. Churches. Value. Attend. Scholar*.
Roman Catholic
20
$3,543,000
101,617
15,700
Episcopal
12
747,500
5,850
2,900
Baptist
14
518,100
4,290
6,195
Methodist Episcopal
Presbyterian
17
19
825,000
1,069,500
8,050
6,850
6,«87
8,525
Congregational
9
874,000
8 3''5
2,800
Unitarian
2
200,000
1,200
300
Universalist
2
185,000
1,450
840
3
85,000
265
130
Christian
2
18,000
270
190
Reformed
2
16,600
950
210
11
860,000
5,800
1,600
4
105,000
867
235
Norwegian and Swedish Lutheran ..
4
51,000
2,000
925
Reformed Dutch
2
90,000
500
200
Other Societies
3
11,000
450
470
Totals 120 $8,203,100 148,117 41,557
94 Reformatory Institutions.
REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS
THE Chicago Reform School, pleasantly located a
Cleayerville, on the lake shore, about two miles fron
the city, was opened November, 1856, for the receptioi
and training of boys who were without the care o
parents, or who, by vicious tendencies, needed specia
care. The boys are instructed in the ordinary branche
of a common English education, and are taught sonn
useful trade.
THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
On Archer road, near Brighton, was established in 186
by the late Very Rev. Dr. Dunne, under the auspices c
the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, and is conducted b
the Christian Brothers. Catholic parents, or guardian;
are permitted to choose this institution instead of tl
Reform School, where restraint is ordered by the court
THE WASHINGTONIAN HOME
Is located in the old Bull's Head Tavern on Madiso
street, opposite Union Park. It was established for th
reformation and cure of inebriates. Its support i
derived from payments made by its inmates for boar
and attendance, aided by liberal donations from th
public spirited and charitable citizens, and also apprc
priations by the City Council. Until recently, it
benefits have been confined to the male sex. A move
ment is now on foot which will, no doubt, be successfu
to extend its salutary benefits to unfortunate females.
THE ERRING WOMAN'S REFUGE
Is on Indiana avenue, a few doors south of Twentj
fifth street, and as its name imports, is intended as
home for penitent females who desire to be reclaime
from a life of infamy. It is conducted under th
auspices of an association of Protestant ladies who, in
quiet and unostentatious manner, have accomplished
Charitable Institutions. 95
large measure of good in a field where there is, unfortu-
nately, still much to be done.
THE MAGDALEN ASYLUM,
On the corner of Market and Hill streets, in the North
Division, is under the charge of the Sisters of the Good
Shepherd. It has been established for the reformation
of fallen women. It was founded in 1858. In its early
days the good sisters had to struggle against many hard-
ships and great discouragements in carrying out their
praiseworthy undertaking. At length, by the co-opera-
tion of the charitable citizens and the aid of Bishop
Duggan, a half block of ground was purchased at a cost
of $15,000, and a suitable building erected at an expense
of $10,000. Several improvements have since been
made, and the institution is now in a more prosperous
condition. But, although much good lias been done
by the enterprise, the means at the disposal of the pious
ladies is much too circumscribed, and appeals loudly to
the benevolent for aid.
CHAEITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
To enumerate each of the charitable institutions of
the city would occupy more space than can be given
in a little work of this kind. In addition to the corpo-
rate institution — the county poor house, situated in a
healthy location, twelve miles north-west from the city
— nearly all the churches have some association whose
object is to relieve the necessitous. The St. Vincent
de Paul society have a conference, composed of young
men, in each of the Catholic churches, and in an unos-
tentatious manner visit the sick and relieve the poor
constantly and systematically. The Young Men's
Christian Association, the Association of the Ministry
at Large, and the City Relief and Aid Society, in like
manner, do a world of good.
96 Charitable Institutions.
THE PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM
Is located on Michigan avenue, corner of Twenty-sec-
ond street. It is a noble charity, admirably conducted,
and has over four hundred homeless little waifs, both
girls and boys, who are tenderly cared for, and trained
for a life of usefulness.
HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS.
This institution occupies a three-story brick build-
ing, at 911 Wabash avenue. It is supported entirely
by voluntary contributions. A large sum is thus col-
lected, and annually expended in providing for the
comfort and protection of numbers of homeless and
friendless poor, principally children, who are being
constantly received, and provided with homes in char-
itable families.
THE OLD LADIES HOME
Is located in a building owned by the Association, on
Indiana avenue, near Twenty-seventh street. In this
institution many respectable and worthy old ladies find
a home, who, otherwise, would be left to the cold char-
ities of the world, and suffer many bitter hardships.
This is is one of the very noblest charities of the city,
and is eminently deserving of support.
NURSERY AND HALF ORPHAN ASYLUM
Is located on the corner of Wisconsin and Franklin
streets.
ST. JOSEPH'S MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM,
No. 267 Wabash avenue, under charge of the Sisters of
Mercy.
ST. MARY AND ST. JOSEPH'S ORPHAN ASYLUM
Corner of Superior and N. State street, under the
charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph.
PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM,
Michigan avenue, cor. Twenty-second street.
Hospitals and Dispensaries. 97
HOSPITALS AND DISPENSAEIES.
COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Is located in a commodious and elegant four-story
brick building on Arnold, between Eighteenth and
Nineteenth streets.
MERCY HOSPITAL
.Is located on Calumet Avenue tetween Twenty-fifth
and Twenty-sixth streets. It is under tfce charge of
the Sisters of Mercy.
ST. LUKE'S FREE HOSPITAL.
Occupies a beautiful brick edifice at No. 669 State
street. It is under the immediate auspices of the Pro-
testant Episcopal congregations of the city,
THE SMALL-POX HOSPITAL
Occupies a beautiful and salubrious site on North
Avenue near the lake shore. It is under the charge of
the municipal Board of Health.
HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Is located at No. 94 Rush street
PROTESTANT DEACONESS HOSPITAL
Is located at No. 141 North Dearborn street.
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Is located at No. 527 North Dearborn street, conducted
by the Alexum Brothers, It is free to those who can
not afford to pay for services.
UNITED STATES MARINE HOSPITAL.
Michigan Avenue near Rush street Bridge.
7
98 Hospitals and Dispensaries.
MEDICAL AND ELECTRICAL INSTITUTE,
Established in 1862, for the treatment and cure of
chronic diseases, at 189 Wabash avenue. We have suc-
ceeded in establishing a place where home comforts can
be enjoyed by the invalid in a house of modern improve-
ments, in a central locality on beautiful Wabash avenue.
Our table is furnished with the best bread, meats, vege-
tables and fruits the market aifords. Patients advised
what course of diet is best in each individual case.
Patients calling for exam nation and prescription or
Medical Electrical treatment are not generally detained
an hour, unless their case is a critical one. There are
diseases that we do not treat ; a letter of inquiry will be
promptly answered if a return stamp is inclosed, and if
your case is one that we do not treat, we will direct you
to the best physicians in our city, which may save you
from paying an exorbitant fee in advance, and being
unmercifully quacked by a brazen-faced charlatan.
We hold no secret remedies ; physicians are always
welcome to an examination of our Medical and Elec-
trical means. No one remedy is used to the exclusion
of all others. The system of practice is to meet the
exigency of the case with an appropriate remedy, which
science and experience have furnished for the relief or
cure of the suffering invalid.
The Medical and Electrical means are very elaborate
and complete. The electrical iron bath, as improved by
Mr. Varley, of London, is par excellence as a tonic in
general debility, and in all cases where iron is indicated.
The Electro-Thermal Bath we AVER to be superior to
any yet invented as to facility in changing and directing
the currents, and is one of the most efficacious baths in
use, — its power in removing colds, arresting local conges-
tions, equalizing the circulation, tranquilizing the nertm»
system and giving immediate relief to the mer-wroughtt
brain, is not surpassed by any other bath.
Prominent among the diseases treated are : Nervous
Diseases, Palsy, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Scrofula,
General Debility, Diseases of the Lungs and Heart
Catarrh and Bronchitis, Liver, Spleen and Kidneys,
and Diseases oi WOMEN and CHILDREN.
Hospitals and Dispensaries. 99
CHICAGO HOTEL FOR INVALIDS.
All that modern science and art could suggest, has
been employed to render this institution the most per-
fect of its kind in the country. The advantages it
offers to those needing medical services, are as follows :
While it has all the comforts and elegance of a first-
class hotel, yet it is strictly private and free from all
the disturbances so detrimental to the recovery of
invalids, while stopping at public resorts. The rooms
are spacious, neatly furnished and thoroughly ven-
tilated. Experienced nurses are in attendance day and
night. Each patient occupies a private apartment, and
is as much isolated, if desired, as if the only occupant
of the institution. The Lying-in department is com-
plete in all its appointments, with competent female
nurses. Charges reasonable, giving persons of mod-
erate means the privilege of availing themselves of the
benefits of the institution. Patients, if they so desire,
may select their own physician. All classes of diseases
and disabilities will be received that are not conta-
gious, the latter being strictly prohibited. All com-
munications must be addressed to the surgeon or phy-
sician, 249 and 251 South Clark street.
DISPENSARIES.
For affording gratuitous medical treatment to out-door
indigent patients.
THE CHICAGO CITY DISPENSARY
Is located on State street two doors north of Twenty-
second street, and is in immediate connection with the
Chicago Medical College.
CHARITY DISPENSARY,
On North Dearborn, corner of Indiana street. In con-
nection with Rush Medical College. It is open every
day from 3 to 4 P.M. Patients are prescribed for free
of charge, and when unable to visit the Dispensary are
visited at their homes.
100 Hospitals and Dispensaries.
HAHNEMANN COLLEGE DISPENSARY
Is at No. 168 South Clark street. Open every day for
the medical and surgical treatment of the sick poor.
THE CHICAGO CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR DISPENSARY
Is at No. 16 East Pearson street, in the North Division
of the city, and is open every day from 2 to 3 P.M. for
the gratuitous treatment of the sick poor who are
afflicted with diseases of the eye and ear.
FREE HOMCEOPATHIC DISPENSARY
Is at 240 West Madison street, open from 1 to 2 each
day, (Sundays excepted).
CHICAGO EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, Reynold's
Block, corner Dearborn and Madison streets, B. P.
Reynolds, M. D., surgeon in charge, successfully treats
all curable diseases of the eye and ear, and skillfully
performs every operation connected with ophthalmic
and aural surgery. French artificial eyes and ear
drums, etc., inserted, Dr. Reynolds has recently pub-
lished the following new works : " The Eye and Ear.
Their Diseases and Means of Cure," with twenty en-
gravings. Price, bound in cloth, $2.50. "Head,
Throat, and Lungs," with ten engravings. Bound in
cloth, $1. " Discourses on Important Subjects."
Bound in cloth, $2. "The Will of Man." Bound in
cloth, $1. " Chicago Journal of Health," edited by Dr.
Reynolds. Published monthly. Price, $1 per year;
single numbers, 10 cents. Published by Western News
Company.
Public Buildings. 101
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
THE COURT HOUSE
Is a building of stately proportions, now in course of
enlargement, by the addition of two wings on the east
and west sides, which will make the building extend
clear from Clark to L'aSalle streets. It is built of lime-
stone brought from Lockport, New York, before it was
discovered that the State of Illinois could furnish a
superior stone from her own bosom.
In this building are located the various city and
county courts, the officers of the municipal and county
governments, and the county jail. The tower, which is
two hundred feet above the level of the streets, is ap-
proached by a winding staircase, and affords the loftiest
standpoint from which the visitor can obtain a magni-
ficent view of the city and lake.
THE POST OFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE
Is located on the corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets.
This imposing structure is one of the finest, as it has
been one of the most costly public buildings in Chicago.
It is built of Athens marble and iron, and is perfectly
fire proof. The Post Office department occupies the
entire of the first floor, and part of the basement and
second floor. The Custom House and offices of Internal
Revenue, are located on the second floor, and the United
States Circuit and District Courts, and the United States
Marshall and District Attorney the third floor.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE— BOARD OF
TRADE
Is located on the corner of Washington and LaSalle
str? ets. Its walls are built of Athens marble, and its
dimensions are 93 by 181 feet. It is in the modern
Italian style of architecture, and consists of a basement,
half beneath the street, and used for business offices ; a
102
Public Buildings.
story above, occupied by banks, insurance and com-
mission offices; and above this the grand hall, where
the members of the Board of Trade assemble daily.
The building is
surmounted by a
Mansard roof,
pierced with oval
windows, the cor-
ners ornamented
with urns. The
entrance consists
of four handsome
Corinthian col-
umns, from which
I spring three arch-
supporting a
handsome balco-
ny, underneath which a broad flight of stairs leads to
the first floor. On the whole, the structure has an im-
posing appearance. The building and the ground upon
which it is situated cost $400,000. The property is in
the hands of a joint-stock company, and the rents
derived from the various offices afford remunerative
dividends. The completion of the building was cele-
brated by grand and appropriate festivities, on the 30th
and 31st of August, 1865, which were attended by dele-
gations from all the principal cities of the Unioa and
Canadas.
No visitor can " do" Chicago without entering the
grand hall during 'Change hours, which are from 11
A.M. to 1 P.M. The balcony overlooking the busy
scene in the hall below is open to strangers, and during
the busy periods of the year presents a spectacle which
is well worth a long journey to witness.
THE NEW TRIBUNE BUILDING
Is, in every respect, a model of beauty, convenience
and comfort, and an ornament to the city. It is located
on the corner of Madison and Dearborn streets. It
fronts 72 feet on Dearborn, by 121 feet on Madison
street, and covers an area of 8,712 square feet. The
CHICAGO TRIBUNE BUILDING
Public Buildings. 103
building is constructed entirely of fire proof materials.
It is four stories high above the basement, with a com-
plete altitude of 70 feet. The entire building is heated
by steam, with radiators in every room. Ventilating
flues near the floor are also constructed in every room.
Especial pains have been taken to make the ventilation
perfect in every respect. The style of architecture is
*' Roman," which alUws great diversity of detail and
ornamentation. Both street fronts are of Athens marble,
from the sidewalk to the cornice. The cornices are of
galvanized iron, artistically and elaborately finished,
with pediments, parapets, etc. The total cost of the
building has been about $200,000.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING.
Among the fine public buildings which have merits
sufficient to challenge bold and outspoken criticism,
this edifice, with Potter Palmer's block across the way,
ranks first. The building is 75 by 80, thoroughly fire-
proof in construction, and cost the sum of $180,000.
Every thing about it has been done for permanence,
and perhaps, in this respect, it represents the idea of
truth in architecture as well as any other building we
ha vein Chicago. The foundations are apparent; broad,
massive, significant of carrying power, while the super-
structure is equally as impressive of strength. There
is no attempt at useless ornamentation by way of French
frippery and unmeaning symbols. The architect evi-
dently had in view the advantage to be obtained in the
general effect by depth of shadow, which the liberal
policy pursued by the officers of the First National Bank
allowed him to carry into execution to his satisfaction.
In the estimation of that portion of the public who look
at architecture from a critical standpoint, whether as
amateurs or professionals, this building is almost uni-
versally regarded as among the finest and most imposing
in the country.
104
Public Buildings.
MERCHANTS INSURANCE COMPANY
BUILDING.
Public Buildings. 105
THE MERCHANTS INSURANCE COMPANY
BUILDING.
One of the most stately and beautiful edifices in the,
United States, is the new building of the Merchants
Insurance company of Chicago, on the northwest cor-
ner of LaSalle and Washington streets. It is five stories
in height, and has a frontage of ninety-six and one-
third feet on LaSalle street, and a frontage of one hun-
dred and eleven and a half feet on Washington street.
Both the front elevations are built of magnesian lime-
stone, from Athens, of which so many of our best
buildings are made. The total height of the structure,
from the sidewalk to the cornice, is eighty-two and a
half feet. The style of the architecture is the modified
Italian, such variations having been made as are neces-
sary to adapt it to the rigor of our climate. The
LaSalle street elevation, fronting the court house, being
most conspicuous, is therefore most elaborate in its
workmanship and ornamentation. For the French
roof style has been substituted a more classic, and truly
American architecture. The ornamentation is, to a
considerable degree, original, the carved flowers, fruits
and leaves being generally selected from native Amer-
ican plants. The interior of the first and second stories
is wainscotted with black walnut, in neat and tasteful
panels, after the French style. The second story floor
is laid with alternate d'.rk and light colored marble
tiles, and from the centre of this floor rises the stairway
to the several stories above. This stairway, with its
landings, occupies considerable spnce in the exact
centre of the building ; and on each floor, all the rooms
open into the square hall which encloses the stairway.
Two large and elaborate entrance* lead to the mam
hall from LaSalle street, and one from Washington
street. The first and second stories are finished in hard
wood, and all the glass for the interior, as well as the
exterior of these stories, is the best French plate.
The black walnut railing and balustrades of the
stairway are particularly noticeable for their massive-
ness and elegance of structure. The stairways rest on
iron carriages.
106 Banking in Chicago.
The building is heated throughout with steam, and
in its ventilation, the latest and most improved methods
have been employed. The roof is of extra thickness,
and is constructed of Barrill's composition.
The building cost about $300,000.
THE DOUGLAS MONUMENT.
At Cottage Grove, on the lake shore, stands the
monument of Senator Douglas. The grave and monu-
ment maybe easily reached by the Cottage Grove horse-
cars. The ride will occupy but a few minutes, and the
visitor will be amply paid for his trouble.
BANKING IN CHICAGO.
Until the passage of the national banking act of 1864
the business of banking in Chicago was subject to
many fluctuations and serious derangements. It was
not until 1864 that the era of true banking began.
During that year seven national banks were organized,
with an aggregate capital of about $3,006,000. There
are now thirteen national banks in this city, with an
aggregate capital of $7,450,000.
In addition to the thirteen national banks, there are
in Chicago several private banking establishments,
controlled by gentlemen of large capital, financial skill,
and stainless integrity. Among these we may, without
invidious distinction, enumerate the Old established
and prosperous house of Henry Greenebaum & Co., W.
P. Vandursen & Co., connected with the well known
New York house of Swann & Payson ; also the firm of
Geo. C. Smith & Brother, well and favorably known in
financial circles.
CHICAGO CLEARING HOUSE.
During the year 1865 it was deemed necessary to
establish a clearing house, similar to that which had
been found to promote the convenience and safety of
Savings Banks. 107
banking in New York. A charter was granted by
the Legislature, and the Chicago Clearing House com-
menced business on the 6th of April, 1865. The affairs
of the association have been skillfully and carefully
conducted, and the banks composing it have derived
great benefit therefrom. The total clearings during its
first year's operations amounted to $449,710,435; from
the 1st of January, 1868, to the 31st of December, 1868,
it amounted to $718,485,908.39.
SAVINGS BANKS.
The first savings bank in the city was established in
1857. These institutions have always maintained a
high credit through all the vicissitudes of " wild cat "
and war times, which caused so many private banking
houses to succumb, and so completely revolutionized the
banking system of the country. We give a view of the
building occupied by the Merchants', Farmers and
Mechanics' Savings Bank, No. 13 Clark street. This
institution was chartered in 1861, and in 1864 removed
to its present very appropriate and convenient edifice.
The institution is in a highly flourishing condition,
and is deservedly popular. Interest is allowed on sums
of five dollars and upwards, and is paid semi-annually,
on the first day of January and the first day of July.
The system of keeping accounts and receiving and pay-
ing money, and also as to the investment of the same,
is similar to that so long and so successfully pursued
by the best savings banks in New York and New Eng-
land. .A popular feature of this bank is, that married
women and minors are allowed to deposit funds in
their own name, thus placing them beyond the reach
of husbands, parents, or guardians.
The business of this institution is confined exclusively
to the receipt and care of savings deposits, and funds
deposited in trust. No commercial or general banking
business is transacted.
108 Savings J3anks.
MERCHANTS' FARMERS', AND MECHANICS'
SAVINGS BANK.
Insurance Companies. 109
A certain proportion of the funds are invested by
loan upon real estate in the city of Chicago. In mak-
ing such loans preference is always given to applica-
tions from depositors of small means, who have accum-
ulated in the institution sufficient funds to pay for a lot
of ground, and desire to borrow something more to aid
them in erecting buildings to be used as permanent
homes for themselves and families.
THE HIBERNIAN BANKING ASSOCIATION.
This popular institution is located on the south-west
corner of Lake and Clark streets. Its officers are gen-
tlemen of large experience in banking, and the direct-
ors include some of our most successful merchants,
whose financial ability is amply attested by the success
which has attended them in their own business. Be-
sides the savings department, the bank transacts a gen-
eral commercial, banking and foreign exchange busi-
ness.
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
UNTIL within the last few years, the business of In-
surance in Chicago was mainly conducted by agencies
representing companies outside this city and State. In
1865, after the close of the war, however, the mer-
chants and capitalists of Chicago began to appreciate
the importance and magnitude of the field presented to
them in this line, and before the end of that year four-
teen fire and marine, one life, and two accident com-
panies were organized, of which the citizens of Chi-
cago were the stockholders. There are now 22 Chicago
companies, including 16 fire, 5 life, and one life and
accident. There are also in the city 40 agents for fire
companies, GO life insurance companies, two live stock,
one railroad accident, one steam boiler, and three gen-
eral accident companies represented. Of the Chicago
companies, one dates from 1853, and was reorganized
in 1864, four were organized in 1855, one in 1859, one
110 Insurance Companies.
in 1861, three in 1863, four in 1865, four in 1866, one
in 1867, and three in 1863. Their aggregate capital is
about eight million dollars. The rate of insurance on
fire now averages about 2^ per cent.
MERCHANTS INSURANCE COMPANY OP
CHICAGO.
The business edifice just completed by this company
on the corner of LaSalle and Washington streets, is a
grand achievement. A description and illustration of
which appears under the heading of Public Buildings.
The Charter of the Merchants Insurance Company
was obtained and held by the Mercantile Association
of Chicago. During the winter sessions of the associ-
ation in 1862-3. it was decided to place the charter and
the advantages of organization of an insurance com-
pany before the mercantile interests of the city. The
association held this charter until the earlv spring of
1863, when Wm. E. Doggett, Wm. McKindley, George
Armour, John V. Farwell, John Tyrrell, Merrill Ladd,
and others in the interest of the association canvassed
the street, and the requisite amount of stock was sub-
scribed without delay, and in June 1863 the Merchants
Insurance Company proceeded to business, and from
its inception to the present time the company has
grown in favor and to its present collossal proportions.
At this early day fire insurance in Chicago was but a
feeble success. We had but one successful company,
and the undertaking was canvassed at the sessions of
the association. The trying days of war naturally
made men of means and influence timid, but the associ-
ation disposed of the charter and the company com-
menced business under the guidance and personal
supervision of Wm. E. Rollo, who, to the present daj%
has led the company from small beginnings to its
present proud and prominent position among the ster-
ling companies of the country. The progress of the
company, under his able management, excels that of
any western, and a large majority of eastern compa-
nies. The Merchants has steadily grown in financial
strength. The capital stock of the company has not
Insurance Companies. Ill
only increased by assessment, but largely by dividends ;
and in no instance has the stock of the company neces-
sarily been thrown upon the market for sale at a sacri-
fice to the holder. A market has at all times been
found, at its full value, and is now above par. One of
the most striking illustrations of the secretary's far-
sighted wisdom was the union effected, by which the
capital and business influence of the Packers and Pro-
vision Dealers Insurance Company was secured to the
interests of the Merchants, and still more recently the
consolidation of the capital and risks of the Traders
Insurance Company. Its present cash capital is five
hundred thousand dollars, and surplus about a quarter
of a million dollars.
COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
We have become so accustomed to look eastward for
successful and reliable insurance companies, that we
often overlook those at our own doors, which, in all
the essentials of solvency, are the peers of any in the
land. Among these the Commercial Insurance Com-
pany, of this city, occupies an eminent position, alike
for the care with which it is managed, and the security
which it affords to its insured. This company was
organized in 1865 by some of our most responsible
business men, and entered upon its work at a time
when there was little in the immediate past or future
of fire insurance to attract capital to the venture, or
promise even ordinary return for the money invested.
But the men who organized and controlled the " Com-
mercial" were not of ordinary mould. They did not
embark in the enterprise without careful study of the
charts which experience had provided, and the requi-
site judgment and firmness to avoid the dangers which
had proved fatal to other voyagers. As the result of
their energy and skill we have a company possessed
of assets to the amount of $334,175.59, of which all, save
$135,000 of stock notes, amply guaranteed, is in cash or
its equivalent. Of this amount, there is held real
estate to the value, at a moderate valuation, of $140,-
000, which pays an annual rental of $17,000, Upon
112
Insurance Companies.
160&162WASHINGTON ST.
CHICAGO.
Insurance Companies. 113
this is erected the magnificent building of the company,
at Nos. 160 and 162 Washington street, the solid mar-
ble walls of which are emblematical of its strength, and
the beauty of whose presence, contrasted with the
unsightliness of the location a few years ago, fitly typi-
fies the wonderful progress which the " Commercial "
has made within that time.
Counting the value of this real estate alone, and
excluding from the calculation all its other assets, the
" Commercial " is possessed of a much larger percent-t
age of assets to risk in force than the average of Fire
Insurance Companies reporting to the New York
Insurance Department
During the four years of its existence tjjfe losses of
the " Commercial " (fire and marine) have been but 46
per cent, of its premium receipts, a ratio which is less
than the average of American companies for the same
time, and is in itself the best possible proof of careful
and successful management. During the same period
it has paid 35 per cent, of dividends upon its capital
stock, thus demonstrating that Western brain and
energy can make even the unpromising venture of fire
and marine insurance lucrative and safe.
Of the men into whose hands its fortunes have been
from the first committed, the above facts speak more
approvingly than words. Mr. J. C. Dore, the Presi-
dent, is well and widely known as a gentleman of cul-
ture, ability, and integrity. Mr. Jefferson Farmer, the
Secretary, is an efficient, skillful, and successful under-
writer, of fifteen years experience in the business,
whose merit is acknowledged wherever in the West
the science of underwriting is known, and to whose
fidelity, ability, and devotion is mainly due the success
of the " Commercial." The Board of Directors com-
prises some of our best known and most reliable citi-
zens, whose reputations have been honestly earned by
long years of fair dealing and successful business enter-
prise, and whose names are a tower of strength to any
institution fortunate enough to obtain them.
Hitherto the " Commercial " has done no agency
business. They are now about organizing an extended
agency system, and we are proud to commend the
8
114 Insurance Companies.
company and its officers to every community through-
out the West, as eminently worthy of confidence, and
fully able and willing to make good all their obliga-
tions.
CHICAGO FIREMENS INSURANCE COMPANY.
The removal of this company from its former loca-
tion on Lake street to No. 92 La Salle street, in the
north end of the basement of the Merchants Insurance
Company's building, furnishes fit occasion for a short
review of its past record, and its present claims upon
the confidence and patronage of the public.
That record, if it is not signalized by any great or
daring exploit on the perilous field of fire underwriting,
is unsullied by a single act of unfair dealing with its
insured, or a single failure to fulfill its contracts to the
letter. Organized in 1855, it has, for the fourteen years
of its existence, been managed with peculiar caution —
doing no agency business, and taking no risks except
over its own counter, and under the personal super-
vision of its own officers. During that time it has paid
losses to the amount of nearly $500,000, and of these
only one under the compulsion of a legal judgment
against the company. In the settlement of claims, the
Chicago " Firemens " have been accustomed to regard
first, last, and always, the equities of the case, exceed-
ing often in their performances the literal promises of
the contract. When the loss was clearly an honest
one, and the claim just, prompt settlement has been
considered a duty, and the record of losses paid shows
that, in such cases, the average delay before payment
has not been over thirty days.
In such a course as this, as jealously guarding the
fortunes of the company as the rights of the insured,
the Chicago "Firemens" has been rewarded with a
steady and healthful growth. Its present assets are
$320,000, of which $200,000 is invested in United States
five twenty bonds. Its premium receipts for the year
1868 were $100,000, and on these its losses were forty-
five per cent, less than the average losses of the compa-
nies reporting to the New York State Insurance
FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING.
Insurance Companies. 115
Department. This is not because of any rapid acces-
sion of new business, the term of insurance upon which
has but just begun ; for the amount insured April 1,
1868 was increased, on April 1, 1869, by only four per
cent.
We doubt if many companies can successfully com-
pete with the Chicago " Firemens " in economy of
management. In 1868 its entire expenses, including
salaries, commissions, and taxes, were but 16% per
cent, of the premium receipts, and only 15 per cent, of
the total income, and of these expenses the commis-
sions paid for business were only G% per cent, of pre-
mium receipts, or 4 per cent, of the total income. It is
little matter of surprise to learn that a company so
managed has paid, since January 1, 1864, an average
cash dividend to its stockholders of 14 per cent
Of its directors and officers little need be said. They
are all of them gentlemen well known to our business
community, and known only 'to be respected as capa-
ble and honest men. Their capacity and integrity
have made the Chicago "Firemens" what it is to-day,
a success, none the less praiseworthy and enduring
because it has been achieved in the quiet pursuit of
daily duty, and without boastful blazonry of itself.
PUTNAM FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
" They are not all Israel who are of Israel," and the
Putnam Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford, have
not inherited the mad-cap impetuosity of the redoubt-
able hero who, as tradition tells us, crawled out on the
rotten limb in search of bird's eggs, made the desperate
venture of the wolves' den, and Tater, rode down Horse-
Neck, at the imminent risk of his own neck.
If, however, they fail of his reckless daring, they are
the inheritors of his sterling integrity, and in their
career have made a record no less proud, although
more peaceful, than that of the immortal Israel himself.
This company was organized at Hartford, Conn., in
June, 1864, by men who thoroughly understood both
the hazards and principles of fire underwriting, Its
capital was $500,000, ample enough to secure its
116 Insurance Companies.
patrons against prospective loss, and to assure them of
the good faith and firm determination of those who
essayed the venture.
From that time onward its history has been the his-
tory of careful management and scrupulous integrity,
devoted to the prosecution of a business whose natural
hazards were abnormally increased by the vicissitudes
of the time, and which demands for its successful con-
duct those qualities in the highest degree.
Throughout the storm of tire which, for the last five
years, has beat upon all our companies with unexam-
pled fury, those qualities in its management have stood
the "Putnam "in good stead, and it is by virtue of
them alone that the company has endured, fulfilling
all its contracts, and retaining always the explicit con-
fidence of a public quick to recognize and appreciate
true merit, whenever it is found.
Such has been its management, that to-day it pre-
sents itself with an unimpaired capital and assets of
over $659,000, and a record on which there is no stain
of dishonor.
Forward to catch the spirit and join the onward
movement of the times, it has, for the better accomo-
dation of its Western patrons and the greater security
of its business, established a western branch office in
this city,jat rooms Nos. 16 and 17 Merchants Insur-
ance Company's building, corner of La Salle and
Washington streets, to which office, agents in the States
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Min-
nesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and Ken-
tucky will henceforth make their daily reports of risks,
renewals, endorsements, changes, applications, sur-
veys, and diagrams of special hazards, letters of inquiry
relative to rates and practice ; and also their regular
reports and remittances.
This office is under the management of Robert J.
Smith, Esq., a gentleman well known throughout the
West as an experienced underwriter, and whose pre-
vious success as a general agent of this company is the
ample guarantee of his fitness for his new and respon-
sible position. In thus identifying itself with Western
interests, and becoming one of us, the "Putnam" has
Insurance Companies. 117
not only exhibited its usual foresight and shrewdness,
but strengthened its already strong claims upon our
confidence and patronage. We are glad of the occa-
sion which this action of the " Putnam's " gives us to
commend it and its officers, as we do without hesita-
tion and reserve, to our insuring public. It may not
dazzle, as its namesake did, by deeds of splendid dar-
ing, but, like him, it will be found in ewery emergency
" steadfast and true."
THE WASHINGTON LIFE.
The Washington Life Insurance Company of New-
York, and its success, gives us the opportunity in this
connection, of placing the western agency equally
prominent with the Merchants and its success, and, in
a measure, enjoying with it the most prominent busi-
ness location in Chicago ; in fact, the Washington Life
towers above its lessor. \Ve well remember Paul &
Mason in their little seven, by nine room, when they
first accepted the agency of the company in the spring
of 1865. The company, then in its fifth year, had little
or no reputation outside of New York city. The com-
pany had but 2,550 policies in force at the end of the
year, having written but 1,106 policies during the year
1805, with assets of only $500,000. The Washington
Life and its management fully appreciated the demands
of the west, and knowing they had in their western
agents men of integrity and consummate business quali-
fications, left nothing undone to aid them in placing
the Washington in the front ranks of life insurance
companies in the west. In the short space of four
years the Washington Life has become as widely
known as the great founder of our republic, and like
him, is a general favorite. The Washington Life, in
fact, is a great public favorite, and its fame for honor-
able dealing is as vride spread as its name is national.
Its business since 1865, has been a prosperous one, and
in no one year do we find so large an increase as the
year 1868. The Washington Life is the only New York
company, with one exception, that shows an increase of
policies issued, exceeding two thousand in number, and
118 Insurance Companies.
its losses and expenses compare very favorably with
any other company of the same age. In 1868 the com-
pany issued 5,089 policies, insuring $10,804,570, having
m all 8,885 policies in force, insuring $20,355,035, with
a capital and accumulations at this date, of nearly
$2,000,000; thus, within four years after its president,
Cyrus Curtiss, with his usual sagacity, saw in the west
the elements o£ greatness, the Washington Life stands
a proud monument of his skill and shrewd foresight in
placing his company's interests and destiny in the
hands of agents of sterling worth and progressive
activity. It is the progressive activity of Paul &
Mason that enables the Merchants Insurance Company
to have for its permanent lessee the Washington Life
Insurance Company, whose business has compelled its
agents to seek their new and commodious quarters.
The growing business of the company in Chicago and
the west has demanded for a year past enlarged facil-
ities in the centre of business, and not until the plans
of the Merchants building were made and decided upon
did the agents of the Washington know where they
could secure the proper location with the necessary
facilities for conducting their rapidly growing business.
In the occupancy of that portion of the Merchants
building, on the floor immediately above the office of
the Western Union Telegraph Company, the most
ample accommodations are secured, fronting on LaSalle
as well as Washington street. The Washington Life
is not only a great public favorite, but its western
agency is making it a great public benefactor, and in
its new and commodious quarters fitted up in a most
elaborate style, makes it a great public convenience for
business, which, with its superior inducements, will
necessarily add to its already large and rapidly increas-
ing income.
THE NEW PHCENIX BUILDING.
Among the many business edifices that adorn our
city the new Phoenix Insurance Building, 90 La Salle
street, holds a distinguished place. The structure
stands four feet high, exclusive of basement, and has a
Insurance Companies. 119
front of white marble, which presents an aspect at once
chaste and magnificent. The emblematic bird, in
golden glory, surmounts the roof, and his extended
wings seem spread invitingly to welcome property
owners beneath their protection.
The office of the Company, situated on the first floor,
is a marvel of elegance and comfort. The furniture,
which is of the finest quality of black walnut, inlaid
and panelled with French walnut of the best texture
and polish, is beautiful in design and workmanship.
Each of the desks is surmounted by a golden phoenix,
and graven with the company monogram, which is
also exquisitely painted on the windows of the office.
The Phoenix Insurance Company, of Hartford, is
long and popularly known, and its business reputation
is so thoroughly established, that there is no necessity
for extravagant encomiums. Suffice it to say, that in
its dealings with the insured it has ever been just and
liberal. The Phoenix was organized in 1854, with a
cash capital of $200,000, and its assets now amount to -
more than a million and a half of dollars, of which
above $250,000 is net surplus, and its stock sells at a
higher premium than that of any of the other fire
insurance companies of Hartford. Considering the
financial standing and splendid record of the Phoenix,
we may justly class it among the most successful busi-
ness enterprises of the United States.
It is ably represented here by Henry H. Brown, Esq.,
who is also the representative of several other large
companies. To the great success of the Phoenix the
Chicago agency has contributed in no small degree ;
and to those who are desirous of being insured (and
what owner of property is not ?) no fairer or more reli-
able inducements can elsewhere be given.
THE HOME INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHI-
CAGO.
This company commenced business in February of
last year. Among its officers, directors, and stock-
holders we recognize the names of many of the " oldest
inhabitants," whose reputation for strict integrity and
120 Insurance Companies.
honorable dealing, acquired from many years of suc-
cessful individual enterprise, was sufficient to make it
a matter of certainty, that the company would soon
gain the confidence of the public, and that its real
worth would meet with the abundant success which it
merited.
Skill and prudence in the management of the com-
pany's affairs were guaranteed by the appointment of
its experienced secretary, Mr. Thomas Buckley. The
capital of the company is $200,000, and the net profits
for the eleven months of last year amounted to
$22,732.27, making the assets of the company January
1st, 1869, $222,731.37. These assets are in cash, gov-
ernment bonds, and bonds and mortgages on choice
real estate. The business of the company during the
six months of this year exhibits a large increase, and
the excellent standing and gratifying progress which
the company has achieved entitle it to the enviable
position which it has taken, as one of Chicago's favo-
rite companies; and such is its merit and stability,
that a policy in the " Home of Chicago " is consid-
ered " as good as the gold."
THE REPUBLIC INSURANCE COMPANY.
" Facts are stubborn things." They will neither be
reasoned nor ridiculed down. Rhetoric can not master
them, nor speculation prevail against them. The suc-
cess of the Republic Insurance Company, of this city,
is an established fact; its assets of $1,293,018.49, of
which $1,029,455 is in United States bonds, are facts,
and, if we may judge by the amount of painful effort
and shameless misrepresentation employed to over-
come them, ugly facts for those who, at the organiza-
tion of this company, filled the land with their prophe-
cies of failure, and have since busied themselves to
secure the fulfillment of those prophecies.
The logic of those who attempt to reason down the
"Republic" is equally at fault. Thus we have one
insurance journal, itself a thing of yesterday, assuming
to sit in judgment upon the monthly statements of
this company, and gravely reasoning that these can not
be true, because they show a greater monthly gain of
Insurance Companies. 121
surplus than the entire net monthly premium receipts !
Did not the young Daniel, who thus comes to judg-
ment, know that the gain of the " Republic " for the
past month, in the single item of appreciation of bonds,
was no less than $33,050 — that, during the same period,
$106,200 of its capital stock was taken and paid for at
$25 per share of $100, $5 per share of which was pre-
mium ? These two sources alone give a total gain of
$38,360 for the month. If he did not know these facts
his ignorance abundantly qualifies him to keep silence.
If he knew them, and found it necessary, for the pur-
pose of his argument, to ignore them, the readiness
with which he did so abundantly testifies to the char-
acter of his motive.
Such unavailing attempts to decry the Republic In-
surance Company only serve to bring out in bold relief
the strength of its position, and the weakness of its
adversaries.
The fact is, that no Insurance Company in the United
States is more cautiously and ably managed. In none
is the entire procedure of the officers subjected to a
scrutiny more constant, more competent or more alert.
None gives its affairs such wide publicity, or tests its
financial standing by so frequent balance sheets. Be-
cause it has dared to hold itself aloof from all combina-
tions, and been self-reliant enough to manage its own
affairs, this outcry has been raised and this warfare
begun. How insane are the bellowings, and how
treacherous the weapons we have shown. One New
York insurance journal even went so far as deliberately
to falsify, in its published tabular synopsis of the returns
to the New York Insurance Department, the facts in
the case of the " Republic." That return, as it appears
on the records of the New York Department, is a
truthful exhibit of the then condition of the Republic
Insurance Co., and shows it in the essential matters of
ratio of assets to liabilities, ratio per cent, of premiums
received to amount of risk, and soundness and availa-
bility of assets, to compare favorably with the best and
proudest companies in the land. Such being the case,
we think its enemies can hardly afford to continue
their attacks, and we know that the "Republic" can
afford to await the arbitration of all-testing Time.
122 Places of Amusement.
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.
THE OPERA HOUSE.
Crosby's Opera House
on Washington, be-
tween Dearborn and
Clark streets, is one of
the chief attractions of
the city. As a build-
ing, it ranks among the
most elegant edifices
which adorn the city.
As an Opera House, in
point of size, beauty of
design, and costly arch-
itectural decorations, as
well as for the perfec-
tion of its interior arrangements, it excels any thing of
the kind ever established in this country, and almost
equals any in Europe. The entire cost of this grand
edifice was $450,000. The grand audience room is
divided into five separate parts. On the lower floor,
first, the orchestra circle, which is entered from the
parquette ; next, the parquette, which extends nearly
to the first tier of galleries ; and the parquette circle,
embracing the remaining space on either side and
fronting the stage. A passage runs around the back of
this, and on either side a broad, elegant staircase leads
up to the dress circle or first gallery. Last of all, there
is the second circle, the front of which is set apart as
the family circle. A single tier of three elegant prosce-
nium boxes on each side of the stage, decorated in a
most superb and gorgeous style, overlooks the audi-
torium.
The Opera House has a front of one hundred and
forty feet on Washington street, between State and
Dearborn, and its depth, from the front to Court place,
in the rear, is one hundred and seventy-nine f£et. It is
four stories high, and is surmounted by a large mansard
Places of Amusement. 123
roof, with elaborate dormer windows. The general
style of the structure is decidedly of a modern type of
architecture, highly ornate and graceful at first sight,
but, like most buildings of the present age, lacking in
that massive grandeur, that classic simplicity and repose
which best satisfies the imagination. It does not belong
to any particular school, but may be characterized as
a combination of various styles. If any thing, it has,
perhaps, a touch of the Corinthian. The fafade on
Washington street is Athens marble, elaborately cut in
tasteful architectural designs. The first or ground
floor, is divided into four stores — two on each side of
the broad central entrance to the auditorum of the
Opera House, which rises from the second story. Three
of these are devoted to the sale of music and musical
instruments, while the other is occupied by a magnifi-
cent restaurant, under the direction of Wright, the
Delmonico of Chicago. Here assemble the wealth,
beauty and aristocracy of the city. The upper part of
the building is divided into a front part, seventy feet in
depth ; an intermediate passage, seventeen feet wide ;
and the Opera House proper, which occupies the entire
rear portion of the premises, eighty-six feet wide, one
hundred and fifty feet in length, and sixty feet high
from the parquette floor to the ceiling. The front part
of the building on Washington street contains a num-
ber of offices and studios; the latter of which are
occupied by several of the most distinguished artists
in the city. For their convenience there is also
arranged on the same floor a spacious picture gallery,
lighted from the roof, twenty-eight feet long by fifty-
six feet wide, and eighteen feet in height, where at all
times may be viewed a choice collection of paintings
by the most eminent of foreign and home artists.
Chicago owes this stately pleasure house to the
public-spirited liberality and enterprise of Mr. U. H.
Crosby, who sacrificed a princely fortune in its erection.
The building was completed in the spring of 1865, and
the inauguration season of opera commenced on the
night of Thursday, May 20, of the same year, when the
Opera House, opened for the first time to the public,
124 Places of Amusem ent.
McVICKER'S THEATRE.
Places of Amusement. 125
was filled by one of the most brilliant and fashionable
audiences ever assembled on the continent.
It is now under the management of C. D. Hess, and
is one of our most popular and elegant places of amuse-
ment.
McVICKER'S THEATRE
Is one of the finest structures of the kind in the
country. It is situated on Madison street, between
State and Dearborn streets. Its cost was over $75,000 ;
and will accommodate about 2,000 people. The exter-
ior, of which an engraving is presented on another
page, presents a handsome front on Madison street.
The interior arrangements are most complete and
admirable The seats are handsomely furnished, easy,
and comfortable, affording an excellent view of the
stage from all parts of the house. The stage is of an
immense size, allowing the production of the spectac-
ular drama on a scale of magnitude and magnficence
that can no where be excelled. The dramatic enter-
tainments at this theatre are always of a high order of
merit. Strangers can always secure reserved seats at
the office of any of the principal hotels.
COL. WOOD'S MUSEUM
Is on Randolph street, between Clark and Dearborn
streets. It is a handsome marble front, four-story
building. It is divided into several large halls, on the
second, third, and fourth floors, which are entered by a
spacious stair-case, ascending directly from the street.
The museum is filled with an immense number of curi-
osities of every description ; galleries containing paint-
ings, statuary, and works of art ; an extensive ornitho-
logical collection — one of the most valuable in the
United States ; a cabinet of minerals and shells ; be-
sides numerous other objects of interest and wonder.
The specimens of birds and quadrupeds, in the depart-
ment of natural history, for variety, beauty, and faith-
fulness to nature, challenge comparison with any other
in the world.
126
Places of Amusement.
itlll I U II
Places of Amusement. 127
In connection with the Museum is the lecture room,
where dramatic performances every night, and mati-
nees in the afternoon, are given by an excellent stock
company. These performances are most enjoyable and
entertaining.
AIKEN'S DEARBORN THEATRE.
This theatre was built in the latter part of 1868, by
Mr. D. R. Brant, on the lots Nos. Ill and 113 Dearborn
street. It presents a handsome front, fifty feet wide ;
is one hundred and fifty feet deep, and four stories
high. The auditorium commences twenty feet back
from the street, is divided into parquette, dress and
second circles, and will comfortably accommodate fif-
teen hundred peisons. The seats are models of ease
and comfort, being similar to the new style first intro-
duced into Booth's great theatre in New York. This
theater was opened in December last by a company
from the East, who were not successful in their man-
agement. In January last Mr. Frank E. Aiken be-
came lessee; and under his able and experienced
direction it has become deservedly popular, and ranks
as one of the most entertaining and successful, as it is
one of the most beautiful places of amusement in the
United States.
THE GERMAN THEATRE,
On N. Wells street, corner of Indiana, is a favorite
resort for the sons of Fatherland, the performances
being given in German.
TURNER HALL (North Side),
On North Clark street, near Chicago avenue, is a
favorite place of amusement. Orchestral entertain-
ments of a high order of excellence are given regularly
on Sunday evenings.
TURNER HALL (West Side),
On West Twelfth street, near Halsted, is a popular
place of entertainment for the Germans in the West
Division.
128 Police, Fire, and Health Departments.
POLICE, FIRE AND HEALTH DE-
PARTMENTS.
These three important departments of the city gov-
ernment are vested in a board of commissioners called
the Board of Fire and Police Commissioners, who are
ex-offleio a Board of Health. Their offices are on Madison
between Clark and La Salle streets.
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Chicago possesses one of the most effective fire depart-
ments in the world. It is an exclusively paid depart-
ment, composed of men who are required to pass
through a most rigid examination, as to health, robust-
ness, and temperate habits before they can be admitted
members of the force.
FIRE AND POLICE TELEGRAPH.
An important and valuable adjunct of the Fire and
Police Departments, is the Fire and Police Telegraph,
erected in 1864. Wires from all parts of the city, in
every ward, and in almost every blrck, connect with
the main office in the dome of the Court House. By a
single turn of the crank in one of the boxes, conspicu-
ously located on nearly every corner in the city, the
intelligence of fire, at or near that particular box, or
station, is instantly communicated to the office in the
Court House dome, from whence the alarm is sounded
by electric apparatus in every engine house in the
city. Simultaneously, the number of the station is
struck by the large bell in the Court House tower, so
that the same instant that a fire is discovered, the
intelligence of its outbreak and location is communi-
cated to the most remote parts of the city. In the same
manner the police are informed of a riot, accident, or
any other exigency requiring their attention, or the
concentration of their available force.
Masons and Odd Fellows* 129
MASONIC GUIDE.
CITY LODGES.
Lodge*. Meetings, Halls,
Oriental No. 83. .Friday Oriental.
Garden City " 14'1 ..Wednesday "
Wabansia " ISO. .Monday "
Gerrnanta " 182.. 1st and 3rd Thursdays .Masonic Temple.
Win. B. Warren " 209.. 2nd and 4th Saturdays. Oriental.
Cleveland " 211. .1st and 3rd Thursdays .82 W. Randolphs*.
Blaney " 271.. Wednesday Blaney Hall.
Accordia " 277. .2nd and 4th Fridays .. .Lake, S.E. c. Clark.
Ashlar " SOS. .Tuesday Blair Hall.
Dearborn " 810. .2nd and 4th Fridays .. .McVicker's Theatre.
Kilwinning " 811.. 1st and 3rd Thursdays .N. Dearborn, aear
Kinxie.
Blair " 393.. Thursday McVicker's Theatre.
Thos. J. Tura«r. «« 409.. " Blaney Hall.
Myrethra " 410.. 1st and 3rd Mondays.. .N. Wells, c. Indian*.
Hesperia " 411.. Wednesday Cleveland Lodge.
Hyde Park " 422. .1st and 3rd Saturdays. .Cleaver's Hall.
Chicago " 437.. 1st and 3rd Tuesdays ..Oriental Building.
H. W. Bigelow.. " 438. .Monday Masonic Temple.
Home " 60S. .Friday Cottage Grove, cor.
23rd st.
Pleaides «• 478. .Thursday 147 W. 12th st.
Covenant " 526.. 1st and 3rd Fridays . ...66 N. Clark st.
Masonic Temple, 83 and 85 Dearborn street ; Oriental
building, 122 LaSalle street; Blaney Hall, 53 Dearborn
street, Blair Hall, over McVicker's Theatre.
ODD-FELLOWS DIRECTORY.
Union Lodge, 48 Clark street, Thursday.
Duane, 48 Clark street, Tuesday.
Excelsior, Washington st., S.E. cor. Dearborn, "Wednes-
day.
Chicago, 48 Clark street, Monday.
Robert Blum (German), 114 Randolph st., Tuesday.
Fort Dearborn, 80 W. Randolph street, Tuesday.
Harmonia, Clinton St., N.E: cor. W. Randolph.
Goethe, 334 Milwaukee av., Thursday.
Hoffnung, S. Canal, nr Mitchell, Wednesday.
North Chicago, N. Wells, cor. Indiana st., Thursday.
Chicago Encampment No. 10, 48 Clark street, 1st and
3rd Friday.
German ia Encampment No. 40 (German), 114 Randolph
St., 2nd and 4th Fridays.
9
130 Railroad Depo is.
MICHIGAN SOUTHERN R. R. DEPOT.
City Raihcay and Omnibus Routes. 131
RAILROAD DEPOTS.
The MICHIGAN SOUTHERN, and CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND
AND PACIFIC trains start from the same depot on Van
Buren, opposite LaSalle street.
CHICAGO AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY, Galena
Division. Depot is on North Wells, corner of North
Water street.
ILLINOIS CENTRAL, MICHIGAN CENTRAL, and CHICAGO,
BURLINGTON AND QUINCY trains all leave from the Cen-
tral Illinois depot at the foot of Lake street.
PITTSBURG, FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO, and CHICAGO,
ALTON AND ST. Louis trains leave the Union depot,
Canal street, opposite West Monroe street.
COLUMBUS, CHICAGO AND INDIANA CENTRAL RAIL-
ROAD. THE CHICAGO and MILWAUKEE trains leave
from the depot, North Canal street, corner West Kinzie
street.
CHICAGO THEATRES.
Crosby's Opera House Washington, near State.
Dearborn Theatre Ill and 113 Dearborn.
German Summer Theatre. .263 N. Clark, cor. Chestnut.
German Theatre N. Wells, cor. Indiana.
McVicker's Theatre. . .Madison, bet. State & Dearborn.
Turner Hall cor. Milwaukee ave., near Carpenter.
Turner Hall cor. N. Clark and Chestnut.
Turner Hall W. Twelfth, near Halsted.
Wood's Museum. ..Randolph, bet. Clark and Dearborn.
CITY RAILWAY AND OMNIBUS ROUTES.
Cars leave corner of State and Randolph streets
every few minutes via State street to Cottage Grove,
Indiana avenue, and Southern city limits. Also, by
132 Hacks and Carriages.
State street and Archer avenue to Bridgeport, and
during this summer will be extended to Brighton.
Cars also leave same place every few minutes via
Madison street to Western city limits, and via Madison
and Halsted streets, southwestwardly, along Blue
Island avenue to Mitchel street.
Cars also leave same place every few minutes via
Randolph street to Union Park and Western city
limits, and via Halsted street, northwestwardly, along
Milwaukee avenue to city limits.
North Chicago Horse Railway Cars, leave Lake
street for city limits, every 13 minutes; for Sedgwick
street, every 13 minutes; for Clybourn avenue and
Larrabee street, every 13 minutes ; for Graceland,
without change of car, every hour and 50 minutes.
Cars leave city limits for Lake street every 13 minutes;
leave corner Larrabee and Centre for same, every 13
minutes; leave corner North avenue and Sedgwick
street for same, every 39 minutes ; leave Graceland for
Lake street every hour.
OMNIBUSES.
Run to and from all the principal hotels and rail-
road depots on the arrival and departure of all trains.
A line of omnibuses has also been recently started
from Lake street via Madison and Halsted streets, to
the lumber region in the southwest division of the city ;
another line runs along Wabash avenue to the city
limits, and another from same street, along Milwaukee
avenue, to northwestern city limits.
HACKS AND CARRIAGES.
The Hack stand is on Court House Square. Hack-
men are not allowed to charge any more than the fol-
lowing rates. When they charge more than these
rates, they can not collect any thing for their services :
For conveying each passenger from one railroad
depot to another railroad depot, fifty cents ; for con-
veying each passenger not exceeding one mile, fifty
cents ; for conveying a passenger any distance over one
mile, and not less than two miles, one dollar ; for each
Hacks and Carriages. ] 33
additional passenger, of the same party or family, fifty
cents; for conveying a passenger in said city any dis-
tance exceeding two miles, one dollar and fifty cents ;
for each additional passenger of the same family or
party, fifty cents ; for conveying children between five
and fourteen years of age, half of the above prices may
be charged for like distances ; but for children under
five years of age no charge shall be made ; Provided,
that the distance from any railroad depot, steamboat
landing or hotel, to any other railroad depot, steam-
boat landing or hotel, shall, in all cases, be estimated
as not exceeding one mile ; for the use, by the day, of
any hackney coach or other vehicle, drawn by two
horses, or other animals, with one or more passengers,
eight dollars per day ; for the use of any such carriage
or vehicle by the hour, with one or more passengers,
with the privilege of going from place to place, and
stopping as often as may be required, as follows : for
the first hour, two dollars ; for each additional hour, or
part of an hour, one dollar ; for conveying one or more
passengers to or from any place in said city, between
the hours of twelve o'clock, midnight, and seven
o'clock A. M., for each trip, without regard to distance,
or .number of passengers, two dollars ; for the use of
any cab or vehicle drawn by one horse, or other ani-
mal, by the hour, with the privilege of going from
place to place, with one or more passengers, and stop-
ping when required : for the first hour, one dollar ; for
each additional hour, or part of an hour, fifty cents ;
for the use of any such carriage, by the day, four dol-
lars. Every passenger shall be allowed to have con-
veyed on such vehicle, without charge, his ordinary
traveling baggage, not exceeding, in any case, one
trunk and twenty-five pounds of other baggage. For
every additional package, when the whole weight of
baggage is over one hundred pounds, if conveyed to
any place within the city limits, the owner or driver
may be permitted to charge fifteen cents.
134 Chicago Hotels.
CEMETERIES.
The principal Cemeteries, for beauty of decoration
and extent of ground, are Graceland, Calvary and Rose
Hill. The following is the location of all the Cemete-
ries belonging to Chicago, with their offices, where
visitors must procure tickets of admission:
GRACELAND — Two miles north of the city, on Green
Bay road. Office, 89 Clark street.
ROSE HILL — Seven miles north of the city, on the
Milwaukee railway. Office, 151 Lake street.
CALVARY — (Catholic) — Ten miles north of the city,
on the Milwaukee railway. Office, 15 Madison street.
GERMAN CATHOLIC — Three miles from city limits,
on Green Bay road.
GERMAN LUTHERAN — South of Graceland.
CITY — On Green Bay road. Office, 2 Court House.
There are four Hebrew Cemeteries, all on Green Bay
road, from one to two miles north of city limits.
OAKWOOD — On the Illinois Central railroad, eight
miles from the city. Office, 33 LaSalle street.
CHICAGO HOTELS.
Adams House, Lake, cor. Michigan Ave-
Briggs House, Randolph, cor. Wells-
Central House 180 and 182 Randolph-
City Hotel Lake, S. E. cor. State-
Everett House cor. Clark and Van Buren-
Garden City House cor. Madison and Market-
Hough House Union Stock Yards-
Laclede Hotel W. Madison, cor. Canal-
Massasoit House S. Water, cor. Central Ave.
Matteson House Dearborn, N. W. cor. Randolph.
Metropolitan Hotel Randolph, S. W. cor Wells.
Oldridge House State, cor. Van Buren.
Orient House State, cor. Van Buren.
Revere House Clark, cor. Kinzie.
Richmond House S. Water, cor. Michigan Ave.
Shermaa House Clark, N. W. cor. Randolph.
Chicago Hotels. 135
St. Cloud 112 and 114 Franklin.
St. James cor. Washington and State.
Tremont House Dearborn, S. E. cor. Lake.
Washington House .244 and 246 Randolph.
TREMONT HOUSE.
The visitor to Chicago can not fail to be attracted by
the splendid and massive structure of the Tremont
House, which is centrally located on the corner of
Dearborn and Lake streets. This hotel is widely
known as one of the most spacious and agreeable in
the West. The internal arrangements admirably har-
monize with the inviting aspect of the exterior! The
Tremont was rebuilt, remodeled, and refurnished in
the richest and most luxurious style in 1868. It com-
prises nearly three hundred rooms — single and in suites
— with baths, closets, and every modern improvement
attached. The reading rooms, smoking rooms, pub-
lic and private parlors, billiard rooms, saloons, etc,,
are all on the most comfortable and elegant scale — no
expense having been spared in their fitting up. The
ladies' parlors are furnished at an expense of $10,000.
Atwood's celebrated improved passenger elevator has
been introduced, for the conveyance of guests to the
different floors, saving thotn the time and trouble of
climbing numerous flights of stairs. Tlie table u richly
provided, and the cuinine unsurpassed in bounty and
elegance. The employes of the house are noted for
their obliging and courteous demeanor, and no guest
can possibly be subjected to rudeness or inattention.
The Tremont is situated in the very heart of the
great business thoroughfares, and is within easy
reach of all the theatres, places of public resort,
and railroad depots. Combining all the qualities
of a first class house, it offers superior inducements
to all who visit the Garden City on business or for
pleasure. In the past the Tremont has deservedly
enjoyed an enviable reputation, but, at the present
time, it is, if possible, more faultlessly conducted than
ever, it being the laudable ambition of the urbane and
generous proprietor, John B. Drake, Esq., to render his
136
Chicago Hotels.
TKEMONT HOUSE.
Chicago Hotels. 13Y
BKIGGS HOUSE.
138 Restaurants.
hotel the very beau ideal of comfort and convenience,
combining all the freedom of public, with the content-
ment of home life. Among the many popular traits
of the Tremont, its special parlors are always at the
command of the citizens of Chicago, for the meetings
of committees, on all matters interesting to the public.
In all its relations this popular hotel is attractive and
hospitable, and well deserves the patronage which it
has so long and so extensively enjoyed.
BRIGGS HOUSE.
This first-class hotel is justly celebrated among the
traveling public. Its location is central, on the north-
east corner of Randolph and Wells street. It is near
the Chamber of Commerce and the Court House, and
therefore convenient of access to the business portion
of the city, places of amusement, etc. It has been
recently thoroughly renovated and refurnished with
new and elegant furniture, and fitted, from basement to
attic, with all the modern appointments and appliances
of a first class hotel, Every possible convenience is
provided for the weary traveler that good taste, abund-
ant means and many years' experience in the business
can suggest or supply. The dining hall is spacious,
elegant/ well ventilated, and attended by polite and
attentive waiters under the supervision of " mine host "
and accomplished steward. The table is bountifully
supplied with the delicacies, dainties, and substantial
which the market can supply, and a cuisine unsur-
passed for its excellence can prepare.
RESTAURANTS.
Chicago is well supplied with admirably managed
restaurants, among the more prominent and popular
of which is that of Messrs. Collins & McGuire, which
is described by the Cliicayo Times, May 23rd, 18GD, aa
follows :
Restaurants. 139
Among the most noticeable evidences of the fact
that Chicago is rapidly following in the footsteps of
New York is the establishment of an elegant and ex-
pensively fitted up fancy grocery store and merchants'
lunch room, at No. 119 Dearborn street, by Messrs.
Collins & McGuire, two gentlemen well known in Chi-
cago as business men of the first class. The front of
the store is handsomely fitted up with a solid walnut
counter and tastefully arranged shelving. This part
of the establishment is devoted to the branch of excel-
lent brands of cigars and tobacco, with some of the
finest pipes in Chicago upon the one side, and a large
stock of all varieties of French and other fancy grocer-
ies on the other. Upon the counter stands a fine glass
show-case, while suspended from the ceiling hangs a
magnificent bronze chandelier, imported especially by
Mr. Henry Byrne, of this city.
Passing through a fine series of folding doors, com-
posed of walnut frames, filled in with green " rep," and
surmounted by a gilt eagle, the merchants' lunch and
sample room is reached. Upon either side of the doors
a fine arch is further ornamented by an elaborate cage,
containing a beautiful canary bird. Under the right
hand arch is the office of the firm, a cozy little place,
with a richly carved walnut desk.
The floor of the front store is of black and white
marble, while that of the lunch room is of black walnut
and ash, placed in diamond form. Both ceilings are
covered with the richest and handsomest French paper,
embellished by suitable designs and a profusion of gilt
moulding.
In the lunch-room the most prominent feature is a
massively carved walnut bar, behind which, laid in the
deep walnut paneling of the most elaborate design, is a
gigantic mirror 13 feet 4 inches in length, 6 feet 10
inches in height, and valued at $1,000. Over the mir-
ror, in niches in the carved paneling, are busts of Henry
Clay and Daniel Webster, one upon either side. At
the end of the bar is a heavy walnut ale and wine box,
surmounted in the centre by a gilt framed time piece.
Upon one side of the box rests a bust of Abraham Lin-
coln, carved in walnut ; upon the other a small bust
140 Restaurants.
of Stephen A. Douglas ; while over the two is placed
George Washington. The walls are covered with rich
French paper, arranged in gilt-framed panels, and pre-
senting some gems of Continental scenery. The orna-
mentation of the room is further increased by two
beautiful pictures, one represeting " "Winter," and the
other " Summer," placed in niches in the walnut, on
either side of the bar.
Leading from the lunch-room is a conveniently ar-
ranged lavatory and other necessary offices.
On descending the stairs which lead to the basement,
the visitor is first ushered into a cozy wine room, fur-
nished in handsome style. The floor is covered by an
expensive Brussels carpet, while the walls and ceiling
are ornamented by coutly French paper of rich design.
Upon this same floor, and to the rear, is the stock and
bottling room, a large and cool apartment, filled to the
ceiling with the choicest ales, wines, and all varieties
of liquors. Here Messrs. Collins & McGuire have
every facility for bottling any quantity of the various
varieties of liquors, which they are prepared to dispose
of in lots to suit families, at the most satisfactory terms.
Leading from the stock room is the kitchen, fitted
up with a fine range, of itself calculated to make the
lunch room a perfect success. This room is connected
with the restaurant above by an elevator of the most
approved construction.
Messrs. Collins & McGuire, the enterprising proprie-
tors of this establishment, are both well known in this
city. Mr. William Collins has been, for nearly five
years, engaged in business of this nature, and formerly
was connected with the Tremont House. Mr. McGuire,
until last fall, when he associated himself with Mr. Col-
lins, was in the provision line upon the West side, and
previous to that was prominently known in commercial
circles in Niagara, Canada.
The carpenter work upon this fine establishment
was all executed by Cochran & Mullins, carpenters and
builders, No. 271 Superior street. It is of a most excel-
lent character, and speaks in the highest terms of the
ability of the carpenters. This branch of the fitting up
Restaurants. 141
embraces some of the finest pieces of carving and mould-
ing in walnut ever seen in the West.
The painting was the work of Mr. McDermott,
recently of Philadelphia, and is also of the finest char-
acter. Mr. McDermott is the man who recently exe-
cuted the painting at the Western News Company, on
State street, and ift both instances he has shown powers
of workmanship of the highest order.
The papering was all laid on by J. J. McGrath ; the
mirror was imported by Noble, and the entire improve-
ment effected under the architectural supervision of
John R. Winchell. The upholstering was done by
Hollister & Phelps, and the furniture is from the estab-
lishment of F. Porter Thayer & Co.
A branch of the establishment is on the northwest
corner of Clark and South Water streets, which is
in every respect a complete lunch-room for merchants.
THE NEATEST and most complete first-class Oyster and
Ice Cream Saloon in the city, is that lately opened by
Messrs. Smith & Odlin. The former is known as the
" Chicago Oyster King," and the latter as the "Cham-
pion Confectioner." This establishment, located at No.
79 Clark street, is fitted up exquisitely and with every
modern improvement, and supplies a want which
strangers and citizens always experience in visiting a
large city, namely: a first-class Ladies' Oyster and Ice
Cream Saloon. In this establishment all the luxuries
and delicacies of the season will be served up in the
best style : a good stew, a nice fry, or " on the shell,"
will always be found at this establishment. When in
season, can always be had here, in every variety, shell
crabs, scallops, smelts, eastern speckled trout, frogs,
lobsters, shrimps, clams, etc., and such a variety of shell
oysters as can not be surpassed in any other establish-
ment in Chicago. The Ice Cream department will be
found complete in every particular. It is important
for strangers visiting Chicago, to know where a deli-
cious ice cream, soda water, a mint julep, a milk punch,
choicest brands of imported champagnes and other
wines, and all other cooling beverages can be had,
142 Art Galleries.
together with an endless assortment of the purest and
most delicious confectionery. Strangers, tourists, and
parties visiting Chicago would do well to keep this
establishment in view. It is one of the most complete
of the kind to be found any where. Accommodating
and attentive waiters will be found always on hand.
A Restaurant is connected with this establishment,
where a nice steak, a veal cutlet, a mutton chop, etc.,
with every luxury can always be had.
THE STATE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF
ILLINOIS.
This society was organized in the winter of 1868, and
was incorporated by the legislature, under its present
name, during the session of 1869. It already possesses
many valuable instruments, with suitable and costly
apparatus. It numbers among its members, not only
the leading members of the learned professions, but also
many of those whose lives have been spent in accumu-
lating fortunes by trade and commerce, whose noble
pride it is to contribute in making Chicago what she
is fast becoming — a great centre for the cultivation of
the arts and sciences.
ART GALLERIES.
Art in Chicago is still in its infancy. Prior to 1860
it had hardly obtained a foothold here. A few of our
wealthy citizens had adorned their residences with fine
pictures, which they brought home from their Euro-
pean tours ; but there was no public spirit in art mat-
ters. There were no studios, no schools of art or de-
sign, no galleries of pictures, no places of resort for the
artists or connoisseurs, and no inducement for artists
to settle here.
The first impulse which was given to art in a public
Art Galleries. 143
direction was the distribution of the Chicago Art Union
at Hesler's photograph gallery, which took place De-
cember 7th, 1860.
The result of this exhibition was manifest in the col-
lection of works exhibited in 1863, in McVicker's Thea-
tre building, for the benefit of the Northwestern Sani-
tary Fair, which was opened October 27th.
In 1864 William Beebe, a connoisseur and dealer in
pictures, brought a very meritorious collection of copies
of old masters and some works of the modern European
painters to this city.
The progress of art was now so rapid that art galler-
ies were established in various business houses, promi-
nent among which, that of Matson & Co. enjoys an
excellent reputation. Hovey & Heffron also originated
one of the finest galleries, which is still in existence,
and filled with the choicest of works. In addition to
this gallery, the Opera House Art Gallery, under the
supervision of Mr. Aitken, and Jevne & Almini's gal-
lery, under the supervision of Mr. Frodsham, are now
in successful operation, and are constantly full of fine
American and foreign pictures.
ACADEMY OF DESIGN.
Mr. Yolk, President of the Academy of Design, who
was commissioned to make a collection of casts, while
abroad, for the use of the students, at an expense of
$5000, has furnished the appended list of about fifty
of the seventy pieces.4
The casts will be placed upon exhibition so soon as
the Academy gets settled in new quarters, which will
be in a building of their own.
The Fighting Gladiator ; Bust of the Farnese Her-
cules ; Bust of Young Augustus ; Genius of the Vati-
can ; Basso-Relievo from the Parthenon ; Bust of
Homer ; Bust of the Apollo Belvidere ; Horse's Head
(from the bronze) ; Bust of the Cupid of the Vatican ;
Bust of the Faun of the Vatican ; Bust of the Apollo
and Muses; Torso of Theseus (copy), from the Parthe-
non ; Bust of Minerva ; Boy and Thorn (from a bronze
statue) ; Three Hands and a Foot ; Feet from Canova's
144 Art Galleries.
Gladiator ; Feet from the Farnese Hercules and Anti-
nous ; Feet from a Colossal Antique ; Bust of Ariadne ;
Boy and Goose ; Anatomical Head, from Nature ;
Flamming' s Cupid ; Head and Body of the Venus di
Milo; Anatomical Torso, from Nature; Anatomical
Le^ and Anns; Torso of Theseus, from the Parthe-
non; Anatomical Figure; Bust of Psyche of Naples;
Flora of the Capitol ; Bust of Venus ; Bassi-Relievi, by
Benvenuto Cellini ; Two Children's Heads, by Flam-
ming ; Torso of the Apollo Belvidere ; Bust of Niobe ;
Back of Female, from Nature; Bust of Ajax; The
Dioscobolus, or Quoit-Thrower ; Female Antique Face ;
Head and Face of Constantine; Casts from Trojan's
Column ; Colossal Arm (from a bronze in the Vatican);
Basso-Relievo, Faun and Tiger; Cuirass of Augustus,
from the Vatican ; Five Bassi-Relievi, from the Par-
thenon ; five from the Temple of Victory, and a Torso
from the same.
SCULPTURE.
The sculptor's art is well represented in Chicago'
Mr. L. W. Volk has made a name among connoiseurs
in art matters, by his statue of Douglas and bust of
Lincoln, and in this country his name has become cele-
brated for his many equally excellent works. Amongst
the latter we may name the Soldiers' Monument,
recently erected in the city of Rock Island, and the
Firemen's Monument, at Rose Hill, which have been
pronounced, by competent judges, in true artistic
design and accuracy of execution unsurpassed by any-
thing of the kind in this city. In the studio of this
distinguished artist can now be seen the design for a
Cook County soldiers' mouument, to be erected in
Rose Hill Cemetery, to cost about $20,000. The mon-
ument will be about 40 feet high, of granite, including
the figure of a soldier, to be of pure Italian marble or
bronze. It will be decorated with elaborate and
appropriate relief. The design was selected by the
committee from twenty-one competitors, embracing
some of the ablest sculptors in the country. The
Chicago Marble and Granite Works Manufacturing
Company, who have the execution of the monument
Art Galleries. 145
in charge, is located on Washington, near Franklin
street. In their extensive warerooms can be seen, at
all times, many most elaborate and beautiful designs
for monuments, tombs, and mantels, displaying a high
degree of finish and excellence. This company import
their marble direct from Italy, and granite from
Scotland and the New England States.
Mr Volk has recently returned from an extended
tour through the art galleries in Europe. He has
established a studio in Rome, Italy, where he proposes
spending a part of his time for a few years, in the per-
sonal supervision of such works as he may execute
there.
MUSEUM OP ART AND HORTICULTURE.
The establishment of Messrs. Hovey & Heffron, No.
87 State street, presents a center of attraction to those
who desire to make home, within and without, a para-
dise. Here may be seen a multitude of articles, com-
bining the works of God and man, for the beautifying
of house and garden. It is not now necessary or need-
ful for those who wish to secure the beauties of nature
in fruit or flower, or choice works in paintings, sculp-
ture, or carvings, to travel beyond Chicago for them.
As well, if not better, than at New York, Philadelphia,
or Boston, can be purchased here — the masterpieces of
American artists; the creations of European genius,
and the beautiful handiworks of Deity. It is the aim,
and has been the achievement of this house to meet the
wants and tastes of an intelligent community with arti-
cles for sale good in quality, unexcelled in taste, and
as economical in price as any European or Ameri-
ican market can furnish. In their gallery of art can
always be found the very best works of native and for-
eign artists, in oil paintings, marble, water colors, and
every form of Aquarelle. Their French water color
fac-Mm&et are copies of the best genre pictures of the
French school, from subjects in the Academy, Louvre,
etc., giving perfect copies of the works of the best Paris
artists at a nominal sum, thus bringing the gems of
}I"issonier, Carbonel, Gerome, etc., within the reach
of many. (The least costly originals of these are held
146 Art Galleries.
at $1,000 each.) In Sepia, India ink, pencil, and other
drawings and designs they offer a very large variety,
on all sorts of materials, but especially adapted for cen-
ter table and toilet use.
Passing from the gallery into the ware-room various
articles of bronze invite examination. Along the sides
of this apartment an endless variety of articles in Pari-
an are seen ; here also are exhibited, from their Terra
Cotta works, many varied forms of ornamental art,
particularly in architectural work. In its susceptibil-
ity for ornament, indestructibility, and very moderate
cost, Terra Cotta, as a building material, in this section
and climate, has proved itself especially adapted. The
delicate and tasteful ornaments known as alabaster,
cut and chiseled by hand, from the soft Carrara marble,
are here in profusion ; also a large and rich class of
goods made in rare woods — lemon, sandal, olive, cedar,
etc., plain and richly inlaid, of many colors and designs,
which are known to travelers and connoiseurs as Sor-
rento work. Of Chinese and Japanese wares they
keep a full supply. By a new process — the invention
of a French artist, now in the employ of this firm — they
are enabled to furnish vases and baskets of fruit, a per-
fect counterfeit of.nature, in size, weight, form, texture,
and color, and also susceptible of being handled and
cleaned when soiled. They will furnish specimens of
extraordinary sized prize fruits and vegetables, pre-
served by this system, and duplicated, upon receipt of
samples, at trifling cost.
Their horticultural department is equal to any in
the country. Citizens and strangers are cordially
invited, by the courteous proprietors, to visit their
establishment. Parties can rely upon this house as
offering only the best wares. The honor, as well as the
taste, of the gentlemen comprising this firm is highly
appreciated by the citizens of Chicago, and their estab-
lishment is the pride of the city.
ARCHITECTURE. — Chicago having now reached an
assured position as a great metropolis of commerce,
manufactures, and influence, she can afford to devote
much of her energy and wealth to the growth and cul-
Art Galleries. 147
tnre of aesthetic taste in her midst, and in her public
and private buildings, their adornments and surround-
ings, to illustrate the taste for the beautiful and true
in nature and art, which in all enlightened communi-
ties, when prosperous, finds development and patron-
age. In the cultivation of this taste much depends
upon the abilities of the architect who fashions the
public buildings. In this respect Chicago has been, in
one instance, at least, particularly fortunate, and our
citizens refer with pride to one of the oldest architects
in the city, Mr. W. W. Boyington, when pointing out
to strangers some of our noblest public structures, the
creations of his genius, not the least of which is the
First Baptist Church, a representation of which is
presented on page 87 of this book.
O'BRIEN'S ART EMPORIUM. — There is no city in
the. United States which, to-day, in proportion to
its age and population, can boast of so large a num-
ber, such hard working, and such talented artists as
the city of Chicago. It is also true, that in no city are
there greater facilities, both as to quality and price, for
the purchase of the numerous varieties of art which
contribute to the pleasure and contentment of society.
We have been convinced of this by an extended visit to
O'Brien's art emporium, at No. 51 State street,
where we have always been received cordially, and
permitted to revel at will among the exhaustless re-
sources that it affords. Two observations have been
especially prominent :
First. The ample room obtained in the new location,
the enterprise that is characteristic of Chicago, and the
experience and excellent judgment employed, have ren-
dered this a depository of art which can not be sur-
passed on the continent. It is no longer necessary that
our citizens should go to London, Paris, or New York
to purchase any tiling that appertains to the ar s,
whether it be painting in oil or water colors; framing,
of the latest and most elegant descriptions ; engravings,
modern or ancient, rare old line or artists' proofs;
chromo-lithographs, the great popularizers of art, of
every nation, school, and style ; photographs, in the
O'BRIEN'S ART EMPORIUM,
51 STATE ST., CHICAGO.
Art Galleries. 149
highest finish of the art and in the largest variety ;
materials for artists, aids to students, ornaments for
home, or what not — we find that, at last, all these may
be obtained in Chicago as surely and to better advan-
tage than by sending or going to other cities for them.
Second. We find the resources for ornamentation and
the beautifying of homes so great and varied; extend-
ing in character and price to all tastes and to all con-
ditions of people ; offering such irresistible charms as
we ourselves never dreamed of. Any one who will
take the pleasure — it is no trouble — to examine the
assortment at the Art Emporium will find that there
is no occasion for going outside of it, or looking to
other sources, for a supply of art matters in all forms
and at all prices.
"Art Is truth, and art is religion, and its study and
practice a daily work of pious duty," says Thackeray.
But it has other and yet more attractive charms than
this moral view possesses. Art appeals at once to the
mind and the heart, to the intellect and to the affections.
Every good picture has a good story to tell; a variety
of good pictures presents a variety of sensations and
reflections, which form a constant and never failing,
source of enjoyment. Who has not been made cheerful
by the contemplation of a bright and happy scene ?
Who has a good picture in his house that does not
recur to it again and again, with renewed interest and
enjoyment, and is not better and more contented for
such contemplation? And modern art, with its im-
provements, has brought within the means of nearly
every one the possession, not of pictures alone, but of
a collection of pictures — all good and enjoyable. Show
us the pictures that decorate a wall, and we will tell
you of the tastes, the happiness, and the pleasures of
the dwellers. If any one who reads this feels the neces-
sity of demonstration to be convinced of the truth of it,
let him visit Mr. O'Brien's Art Emporium, and we
venture to say, that he will not come away under a
couple of hours, and when he does he will willingly
admit all that we have said.
And there can be no doubt in the mind of any rea-
sonable person, that, in every sense of the word, it pays
150 Art Galleries.
to invest in pictures. Once convinced in this view of
the matter, the practical people of the country will
make the investment more largely than ever. It pays
in the comfort and enjoyment which pictures bring.
It pays in the advancement of taste and enlargement of
culture. It pays in the satisfaction found in affording
friends the hospitality of an elegant or cheerful home.
And the humble home which is rich in its possession
of bright and happy pictures, is more elegant to a re-
fined person than the gaudy home that abounds in ele-
gant and meretricious display. There is one picture —
"Purity" — which is all that its name suggests — pure
in conception, in design, in execution, and delicately
and artistically beautiful, which is worth more in its
influence than thousands of dollars.
In the Art Emporium will be found a greater num-
ber and a wider selection of rare old line engravings
than has ever before been exhibited in the West, and
as complete and valuable a collection as has ever been
made in America. The engravings of this collection
represent every school, every nation, every age, and
every prominent artist that the world has produced.
The scope of subjects is almost illimitable, and includes
a variety that can not fail to please the taste of every
one who may desire to select.
Among the chromos are those of the English, Amer-
ican, French, German, and Italian schools. English
chromos are seldom printed to produce an oil effect.
They are intended to represent water-color paintings ;
and they are generally superior to their European
rivals. There is a delicacy in their finish and tone
that neither the Germans nor Italians attain. Yet all
have their distinguishing merits. Teachers, decorate
your schools. Pictures have an historical value, a re-
fining influence, and a cheerful quality, which can not
but be most beneficial to forming minds, Something
appropriate will always be found at the Art Empo-
rium.
Besides the paintings, engravings, and chromos that
have been mentioned, there arc beautiful and artistic
lithographs ; photographs ; stereoscopic views ; oil
prints; enamel paintings; beautiful ornaments in
Art Galleries. 151
Parian and Iceland Spar; drawing studies; church
pictures; a variety of illuminations in Decalcomanie
and Diaphonie ; a varied and full collection of artists'
materials. Particular attention is given to framing.
It is not necessary that the frame should always be
expensive, but it is necessary that it should be in good
taste and thoroughly adapted to the picture for which
it is intended. It is essential that there should always
be an immense and varied stock, such as is constantly
kept at the Art Emporium, from which to make
selection. It is also advisable that the purchaser should
listen to the advice of some practical and experienced
framer, and it would be well to consult with Mr.
O'BRIEN, who manufactures largely in all styles and
varieties, and has done so for years.
Finally, let us impress upon the reader, that he will
always be welcome to O'Brien's Art Emporium,
51 State street, as a visitor, whether he desires to pur-
chase or not^ and that, as a visitor, he will find an
enjoyment that will fully repay him for the trouble he
may take, In the enjoyment which it affords.
READER OF THE GUIDE, if you desire to pass an hour
pleasantly, as well as profitably, or if contemplating
purchasing articles to beautify your home, or offer to
your customers, for like purpose, do not forget the
Repository of Fine Art, of Messrs. Mclntyre, Peck &
Co., 136 State Street. This extensive and model estab-
lishment ranks foremost in this branch of Chicago
enterprise. Their spacious and tastefully arranged
store is filled with an immense stock of every thing
that pertains to Art. Their Retail Department dis-
plays for exhibition, and sale — richly framed — Paint-
ings from the easels of celebrated home and foreign
artists; Water Colors; American, French, German,
and the finest Italian Chromos. A choice selection of
Engravings adorn the walls, which includes Artist's
Proofs and India Prints, Lithograghs, Photographs,
etc., etc. Swiss carved goods, and other ornamental
wares, fill their beautiful show cases — in fact, all that
can please the eye, and satisfy the most fastidious taste,
is to be found in their stock. They have also, for the
152 Art Galleries.
lover of Billiards, Briggs' new Patent Parlor Billiard
Table —ready with balls and cue for a trial of its
merits. They are exclusive agents for the Northwest
for this desirable article of home adornment and
pleasure.
The Wholesale Department 'comprises a full stock of
Pictures, and picture requisites, for the trade, Frames,
Mouldings, Cord, Tassels, etc., etc.
They have exclusive control of a line of specialties
that will pay to examine. Buyers should not forget to
look in at 136 State Street, and examine goods and
prices.
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERIES.
The stranger, in visiting the photograph galleries of
Chicago, should take a note of the location of Carbutt's,
No. 24 Washington street. His elegant parlors are
adorned with specimens of his art, equal to any that
can be produced in the profession any where. His
Berlin photographs, from retouched negatives, are most
exquisite productions of the highest skill, and present
all the beauty of porcelain miniatures. At a recent
assembly of the State Microscopical Society in this city,
Mr. Carbutt both astonished and delighted the critical
audience by an exhibition of many beautiful objects
photo-micographed by him with the oxy-hydrogen mi-
croscope.
THE TINTYPE is comparatively a new feature in Art,
having been practiced but a very few years, and the
first introduction of this beautiful branch of Photo-
graphy west of New York, was about eighteen months
ago, at 122 Lake Street, Chicago, by Mr. Alfred Hall,
an artist of over twenty years experience in the photo-
graphic business. Mr. Hall was engaged, for about
two years, in other business, but even the activity and
excitement of a mercantile life in Chicago could not
divert his attention from his old profession, so he made
up his mind to start his cherished art again, but by
close observation he discovered that the old process of
making a negative, and printing on paper, was entirely
too slow and expensive for this fast age, consequently
Art Galleries. 153
he decided to fit up a first class Gallery, with all the
appointments completely adapted to this new and
beautiful branch of the art, and make it a specialty.
While the process of fitting the Gallery was going on,
it was remarked by some of the old photographers that
Hall must be crazy, to think of making that one style
of pictures pay in Chicago, but it is evident they knew
not what they were talking about, for in less than two
months the Tintype became so popular that he found
it necessary to fit up a branch Gallery to accommodate
his customers, and at the present time he is setting
more people, at 122 Lake Street, than any other two
Galleries in the city. The instruments used are con-
structed especially for this branch of the art, being a
cluster of tubes arranged so nicely that, with a properly
sensitized plate, from one to three dozen pictures can
be produced almost instantaneously, consequently it is
one of the most sure methods of getting children's pic-
tures known. Every stranger visiting Chicago should
be sure to go to Hall's, at 122 Lake Street, as it is the
original and only exclusive Tintype Gallery in the city,
and sit for a dozen of those beautiful pictures. It will
hinder you only about twenty minutes to g^et them
taken and finished, and will cost but two shillings.
THE CITY OF PARIS,
In miniature, can be seen by the visitor to Chicago
at Stein's unique and elegant bazaar, No. 83 South
Clark street. The collection of fancy goods, toys, and
elegant ornaments he keeps in stock in this beautiful
bazaar is wonderful and well worth seeing. It is
bewildering to both mind and eye to see the thousand
and one useful and ornamental articles you are invited
to select from for one dollar. Stein's Bazaar, 83 South
Clark street, is one of the institutions of Chicago, and,
like many other of her institutions, must be seen before
it can be appreciated.
154
Art Galleries.
Home Manufactures. 155
HOME MANUFACTUKES.
WHAT THINGS ARE MADE IN CHICAGO.
WHERE THEY ARE MADE AND WHO MAKES THEM.
Occupying the entire north side of Fulton street,
between Jefferson and Desplaines streets, with a front-
age of 320 feet, and extending to the rear 170 feet, is
the planing mill and factory of S. I. Russell. The orig-
inal of the present establishment was constructed in
1859, and totally destroyed by fire in the following
year. Having been rebuilt immediately, it escaped the
perils of conflagration until December of last year,
when it was again burnt to the ground. Within a
month thereafter it was rebuilt for a second time, and
put in complete working order.
The ground floor of the factory is devoted to planing
and moulding purposes. There are in operation here,
among other machinery, six steam planers, capable of
dressing 70,000 feet of lumber per day.
On the second floor may be found a room 170 by 90
feet in dimensions, where are made up sashes, doors,
and blinds. This is thoroughly equipped with the best
approved machinery and other appliances, and we
believe cannot be excelled for completeness and adap-
tation to the purposes for which it is used in the entire
Western country.
Adjoining this apartment, on the left, is another, 60
by 50 feet, where the operations of turning, scroll-saw-
ing, and the like are carried on. Five scroll saws and
a very ingeniously constructed fluting machine for the
doing of various kinds of ornamental and fancy wood-
work for balusters, etc., make lively music the whole
working day long. Eight men are constantly busy
here upon stair-work
Through the center of the building and connecting
the various floors, there rises an elevator 7x18 feet, by
156 Home Manufactures.
means of which the material is raised to the different
departments, and the finished work sent below for
shipment or delivery.
A pair of heavy iron doors open from the west end
of this floor into the dry house. This is doubtless the
largest and best constructed building of the kind ever
erected in this city. It is of dimensions 42x62 feet, and
four stories in height. The first story is divided into
four kilns. A boiler weighing" 12 tons and 10,000 feet
of steam pipe are required to generate and distribute
the heat. Each floor of the factory is connected with
the dry house in the same manner as before described
in the case of the second And all the wood-work
turned out by the factory is, before being put together,
thoroughly dried and seasoned in this department.
The upper floors have not yet been fitted up with their
appliances, but will be in a f-w weeks.
On the north-west corner of the ground is located a
machine shop, where the planers and other machines
in the factory are manufactured. This department is
very well and conveniently arranged. A number of
skillful mechanics, supplied with all the necessary ap-
paratus, are employed here. Three large forges con-
stitute a portion of the equipment. These are of the
latest and best construction, and would delight the soul
of old Tubal Cain to look upon, though they would
doubtless puzzle that ancient blacksmith somewhat at
first. The blasts are supplied to them by machinery.
The larger share of all the machines in the factory
were made here, and quite a large business is also done
in manufacturing wood working machinery, for sale to
the trade. This establishment also manufactures the
wood-work, planing and matching machines, and rail-
road chairs for depots, which are made a specialty.
Tlie engine which furnishes motive power for the
whole establishment is of 300 horse power, and a uvule!
of mechanical workmanship. The engine and boiler
rooms are very securely built, with heavy brick arches,
and are so protected by strong iron frame work,
through which the fuel is passed into the furnaces, as
to guard as effectually as possiblw against couiinunicat-
Home Manufactures. 157
ing fire to, or receiving it from other portions of the
establishment.
Nearly opposite the factory, at the corner of Fulton
and Desplaines streets, is a large brick building, 80 feet
front by 90 feet deep, and five stories in height, where
are located the offices, sales-rooms, and store-rooms.
The main office is roomy, pleasant, and very neatly
furnished. Its walls are protected by a neat wainscot-
ing of pine and black walnut. Private offices, pro-
vided with wash and bath rooms, closets, etc., etc., are
connected with it, and supply "all the modern conve-
niences." Anthony S. Goodridge, Esq., an experienced
and most courteous gentleman, has charge of affairs
here as chief clerk.
Among the immense stock of material in the store-
rooms, we noticed one lot of doors which had just been
finished up and were then ready lor shipment, in ful-
fillment of an order of $40,000. Besides these there
were sashes, doors, blinds, mouldings, brackets, stair-
railings, balusters, window frames, etc., etc., in seeming
endless quantities. Seats for churches and railway
depots are furnished here in great numbers. Mr.
Russell's orders for work of this kind are numerous,
and come from all portions of the Northwest. Mr. R.
also builds railway passenger and freight houses at his
factory ; that is to say, he frames and fits them com-
pletely, so that, after their arrival on. the ground, they
need but to be put together. On Tuesday last he shipped
throe complete passenger houses for the Pittsburg,
Fort Wayne and Chicago railroad company, and has
several others in course of construction. Carpenters,
builders, and contractors can find every thing here in
the way of patterns and designs for all the varieties of
wood work entering into the construction of buildings.
In connection with the establishment is an extensive
factory, where are made the celebrated Churchill's
patent splint baskets, of and in wi>ich Mr. Russell is
1 the sole manufacturer and dealer. The baskets are of
four different styles, known respectively as "grain,"
" market,'' " laundry," and " feed." There are six
sizes of the first, nine of the second, three of the third,
and five of the last.
158 Home Manufactures.
The splints and ribs, or standards, are made mostly
of elm lumber, and are manufactured by a newly
patented machine, by which all the materials are
planed smooth.
Judging from what we saw of them, there is no
basket known to the trade which, for neatness,
strength, and durability, as well as for excellence of
workmanship, surpasses those made by Mr. Russell.
We can see no good reason why our Western dealers
should send hundreds of miles to the East for articles
in this line, which are inferior in quality, and superior
only in the altitude of their prices, when their orders
can be supplied here in any quantity, and at the short-
est possible notice. We advise our Chicago and other
Western woodenware men to investigate this matter,
and see whether there is not here a chance for them to
secure larger profits for themselves and better satisfac-
tion to their customers.
We conclude this short and imperfect sketch of one
of the leading manufacturing establishments — or rather
combination of establishments — of Chicago by giving
a few figures, which indicate the extent of the business
done.
There are employed by Mr. "Russell 200 hands, to
whom is paid weekly over $3,000. The capital invested
in buildings, stock, and machinery is $225,000, and last
year's sales amounted to a million of dollars.
FURNITURE. — For over fifteen years past the firm of
A. L. Hale & Brother have been engaged in business in
this city, as manufacturers and importers of, and
dealers in, Furniture. The gentlemen composing the
firm are well known, active and enterprising men,
who, by steadfast devotion and untiring effort, have
built up a very large and lucrative trade, so that they
now take rank among the principal Furniture dealers
of Chicago and the Northwest.
They now occupy the whole of the large building
numbered 10, 12, 14 and 16 on North Canal street,
with their Factory and Warerooms. The structure is
five stories in height, and has a frontage of 80 feet, with
a rear extension of 160 feet. They formerly used but a
Home Manufactures. 159
FIELD, LEITER & GO'S ESTABLISHMENT.
160
Home Manufactures.
portion of the building, but have recently been com-
pelled by the increase of their business to take more
room.
The various floors up to the fifth, exclusive of the
space occupied tor office purposes, are filled with an
immense stock, embracing all the varieties known to
the trade, from the cheapest and plainest, suited to fur-
nish the humble cabin of the pioneer to the most
luxurious and costly for the adornment of the palatial
residences of our Upper Ten. We doubt if any where
in this country, outside of New York city, there can be
seen such an extensive and varied assortment of goods
in this line. As an example of the magnitude of the
business here carried on, we noted one lot of bedsteads
numbering 16,000. Other articles seemed to be in like
grand proportions.
Every thing about the establishment is very con-
veniently arranged for the facilitation of business. A
Steam Elevator is soon to be put in to aid in the hand-
ling of stock, and numerous other improvements,
demanded by the growing trade, are in contemplation.
We may suggest, by wav of inducing persons to visit
Hale & Bro's., that their location on the West Side, the
domain of comparatively low rents, enables them to
give to their customers advantages in the matter of
prices that are hardly possible upon this side of the
river.
THE WHOLESALE TRADE of Chicago has experienced
a truly wonderful growth during the past six years, since
the establishment of the national banking system has
freed our merchants from the degraded condition of the
old Western currency.
THE GROCERY TRADE is of great magnitude. There
are over eighty firms engaged exclusively in the whole-
sale branch of this business, whose sal ee aggregated last
year forty millions of dollars.
THE DRY GOODS TRADE is about equal In amount to
the grocery. There are about forty firms engaged in
the wholesale branch, whose sales annually foot up
between forty and fifty millions; two of whom, last
year, exceeded seven million dollars each.
Home Manufactures. 161
THE WHOLESALE BOOT AND SHOE TRADE.-— In the
city of Chicago there are engaged in the wholesale
manufacture of boots and shoes, some twenty-five
houses, whose annual business, as manufacturers alone,
amounts to over $2,000,000. This great industry, great
not so much for what it now is as for what it promises
to be in the future — has been built up within the past
twenty years, and in the face of a most vigorous, and at
first, apparently ruinous competition with old and well-
established Eastern factories, possessed of all the ad-
vantages that long experience, abundance of labor-
saving machinery and skilled workmen, together with
large capital, could give.
Now the wholesa'e boot and shoe manufacture is one
of the fixed facts of Chicago. The business is estab-
lished upon a sure basis, and is beyond the reach of
Eastern competition, for the reason that everywhere in
the Westorn market it is well known that Chicago-
made boots and shoes are far superior, both in material
and workmanship, to those made elsewhere.
There is no Chicago house deserving of more honor
for the achievement of these results, than that of Dog-
gett, Bassett & Hills. The original of the present firm
was established in 1846, under the name of Ward & Dog-
gett, and was the first to engage in the wholesale boot
and shoe trade in the city. Some four years later, they
began to manufacture, and were the pioneers in this
also. Messrs. Bassett and Hills having been admitted
to the firm, it continued to prosper until 1857, when
Mr. Ward died, and the business was continued under
the present firm name.
That first year's business, away back in 1846,
amounted to about $10,000, and was thought to be a
good trade. So it was for the time. That was the
" day of small things'1 with Chicago. Our thorough-
fares were then " no thoroughfares, save by the grace
of the clerk of the weather, and that despotic character
was not gracious for more than one-third of the year.
Our entire population at that remote day was only
14,000, and the'radius of our trade hardly extended a
hundred miles in any direction. The city of LaSalle,
now of a population of perhaps 7,000, was then one of
11
162 Home Manufactures.
our formidable rivals ; and there are now in that forlorn
looking settlement dozens of owners of lots and blocks,
who invested and located there in preference to Chicago,
well satisfied that that would be the metropolis, and
Chicago probably a thriving town.
Verily, things have changed since then. Chicago has
become the home of 300,000 souls, and her wealth, busi-
ness and influence exhibit a proportionate increase.
The men who then staked their fortunes on the future
of this city, have grown with its growth, and prospered
with its prosperity. Among the more prominent of
these, are the gentlemen composing the firm of which
we write. They had faith, and, coupled with it, energy,
perseverance and integrity. They behold the fruits
thereof in a business amounting to some $2,000,000
annually, extending throughout the West and North-
west, requiring, for its conduct, a small army of work-
men, clerks, and other employees, and occupying all
the floors of the magnificent building located at Nos.
29 and 31 Lake street, and 36 and 38 Wabash avenue.
Mr. Bassett, of the firm, resides at Boston, where,
some years ago, an office was opened in connection
with the establishment in this city. Mr. B. is therefore
personally present in the Eastern market, prepared to
take advantage of the fluctuations, and able, with the
abundant means at his command, to buy when stock is
cheapest. The benefit thus derived to the house is one
which it is well disposed to share with its patrons,
selling to them at a reasonable advance upon a very
moderate cost.
Doggett, Bassett & Hills are not only enterprising
and able men in their own proper business, but they
are among the leading citizens in Chicago. There are
few enterprises of importance which have been set on
foot in our city, within the last ten years, in which one
or other of the partners, or the house itself, has not
invested some capital! And better still, there are fewer
of our noble public and private charities which have
not been materially assisted by these same gentlemen.
The united sales in this business now exceeds fifteen
millions. The number of Eastern shoes sold in this
Home Manufactures. 163
market annually decreasing in the ratio of the capacity
of our home manufacture to supply the demand.
The manufactories of Chicago are very considerable,
taking into account that it is only within a very few
years that the attention of enterprising men of sufficient
capital has been directed to building up a manufactur-
ing system commensurate with the requirements of
even our present needs. Still, however, a noble be-
ginning has been made, and the returns of last year
exhibit over one thousand manufactories of every
description, employing a capital of nearly $30,000,000,
the estimated value of whose products foot up
$70,000,000.
CHICAGO no longer depends upon the New York and
Boston Brokers for her supply of teas. The great East
India Tea Company, whose elegantly appointed stores
are located at No. 110 Clark Street and 83 State Street,
through their resident agents in China and Japan,
select the very best quality of the new crops for this
market, and ship direct to Chicago. The enterprise
and spirit of this Company was notably exemplified
recently ; in their desire to have the honor of being the
first direct importers from beyond the Pacific, their
first cargo of teas, by the new route across the Conti-
nent, was carried, by teams, a distance of twenty miles,
to connect by railway, and landed in Chicago several
weeks ahead of the final completion of the railroad.
They are enabled to sell these choice teas at New York
cash prices.
THE FIRST establishment for the manufacture of wall
paper was started by Messrs. M. A. Ho well, Jr., & Co.,
whose extensive warerooms are located at Nos. 117 and
119 State street. This firm, whose print works are at
Marseilles, in this State, confine themselves exclusively
to a wholesale trade, and their productions, on inspec-
tion, will be found to embrace the whole range of wall
papers and window shades, from the cheapest and
plainest to the most costly and elaborate designs and
patterns, equal to any imported from England or
France.
164 Home Manufactures.
CALIFORNIA WINES. — The cultivation of the grape
on this continent, after many experiments and some
discouragements has become a successful and highly
profitable business, and now whole sections of the
Pacific coast are given up to the culture of the vine.
Until very recently the prejudice against native wines
was very great, fashion and custom decreeing that none
but imported wines were worth drinking. But now
the nicest connoiseurs confess, that the California
wines, in purity and delicacy of flavor, exceed any of
the so-called imported wines in the market. Messrs.
Perkins, Stern & Co., the founders of the wine trade in
California, and owners of many extensive vineyards,
have a branch house in Chicago, at Nos. 34 and 36 La
Salle street. They sell nothing but the pure, genuine
wines, and from their facilities tor securing the choicest
products of the State, are enabled to offer superior in-
ducements to parties purchasing at wholesale.
GENT'S FURNISHING HOUSE. — One of the most ele-
gant and complete gents' furnishing establishments in
the country is the well known house of J. H. O'Brien,
at No. 88 Dearborn street. His stock is always com-
plete in every department in his line of goods. His
many years experience in the business and large capi-
tal enables him to command the markets of the East,
and import his own Irish linens and French lawns.
All the materials used are purchased for cash, and
manufactured under his own personal supervision, so
that any person studying economy may safely rely
upon the prices asked being as moderate as any New
York house.
In the manufacture of shirts Mr. O'Brien has attained
a deserved eminence. Having devoted many years to
the study of this, he has reduced it almost to a science,
well knowing that no gentleman is really dressed with-
out a well fitting shirt. In under-wear, neck-ties, sus-
penders, shoulder braces, socks, handkerchiefs, and all
the numerous articles which go to make up the
necessities of a gentleman's toilet of the day his
stock will be found unsurpassed in variety, quality,
price, and fashion in Paris, London, or elsewhere. It
Suburban Villages. 165
has been, for years, his ambition to build up an estab-
lishment worthy of Chicago ; that as she excels in
most things, she shall not be distanced by any city in
his line of business. That he has succeeded his fellow
citizens well know and appreciate, and strangers will
have no reason to go elsewhere to be perfectly suited.
SUBUKBAN VILLAGES.
THE marvelous advances which our city has made in
the extent of dimensions has only been characteristic
of its rapidity in the growth of business, and every
suburban town established is the living evidence of the
city's material prosperity, and the citizen's love of
home, comfort, and pleasure. We notice with feelings
of pleasure and pride the establishment of towns, vil-
lages— nay, almost cities, near this the Metropolis of
the West — all the best proof of the prosperity, inde-
pendence, and comfort of our people. Already Chi-
cago has established on every side — save only where
the lake marks her border — homes for her business
men.
RAVENSWOOD.
Such is the pretty and attractive name chosen for
one of the healthiest and most attractive of the subur-
ban villages. Ravenswood is situated five and one
half miles from the Court House, on the line of the
Milwaukee division of the Chicago & Northwestern
Railroad, twenty minutes ride from the depot, and is
supplied with fourteen passenger trains daily. The
land is eighteen feet above the level of the North
Branch, capable of thorough drainage, and is beauti-
fully diversified with oak groves and evergreens, the
latter being plentifully supplied by the company who
offer the property for sale.
The tract of ground composing the possessions of the
company includes about two hundred and fifty acres
of rich, fertile, and easily cultivated soil, formerly well
known to the lovers of country attractions as the site
166 Suburban Villages.
of Wood's Nursery. Here, we may note, that although
little notice has been publicly made of this most attrac-
tive site, the gentlemen owning the land and intended
residents are among the most prominent and influential
of our citizens, and the assured evidences of its future
growth have been so far developed, that already a post
office has been established, and the railway has marked
Ravenswood among its regular halting places.
We can give no better guarantee of the character
and selectness of the enterprise than by mentioning
the names of the original projectors. These are Messrs.
John M. Wilson, C. T. Bowen, L. A. Willard, C. P.
Leland, J. H. Kedzie, L. L. Greenleaf, Merrill Ladd, L.
Hodges, and others. These gentlemen, with a view of
establishing a worthy suburban home, combining the
pleasures and comforts of country life with ready
access to city business, became the purchasers of this
really beautiful site. Nearly all of them have reserved
for themselves elegant, lots, as the seats of homes soon
to be established. The officers of the company are
Daniel A. Jones, President; L. L. Greenleaf, Vice
President ; J. H. Kedzie and C. T. Bowen, Trustees.
The town is most beautifully laid off, intersected by
avenues eighty feet in width, and alleys of twenty feet
width. Groves of beautiful foliage adorn the premises,
as a natural growth, and cultivation has added most
abundantly to the inviting spot. The ready accessi-
bility to Ravenswood constitutes one of its not least
inviting features. In addition to the railway commu-
nication, the "dummy "on the North Chicago City
railroad runs very near the site. On the west of the
tract, and very near the same, is Lincoln avenue, a
thoroughly well graded road, and very near, on the
east, is the Green Bay road. From Lincoln Park to
Ravenswood, on the Green Bay road, is an inviting
drive.
The village of Ravenswood is already laid off into
lots of fifty feet frontage, with a depth of 160 to 170
feet, with, as has been said, streets of eighty feet width
and alleys of twenty feet width, intersecting. Each lot
is tastefully adorned with trees, evergreens, and shub-
bery, and no lot will be sold unless the purchaser con-
Suburban Villages. 167
sents to such adornment and culture. In the center of
the tract, and hiding the railway track from obtrusive
seeming, is Ravens wood Park, on either side of which
are most beautiful and elegant evergreens of gigantic
growth. Broad avenues extend in either direction
through the village, leading from Lincoln avenue to
the Green Bay road, or to the u dummy " on the street
railway, each street being lined with trees and ever-
greens. Every purchaser of a lot is furnished by the
company with trees ornamental, and fruit trees and
shrubbery, for the adornment of the grounds, and to
insure the pleasures of a country home. The company
have about fifty thousand evergreen trees in the
ground, and are now ready to dispose of the surplus
quantity.
Messrs. Hodges and Van Allen, real estate agents,
No. 152 Madison street, are the agents for the sale of
the property, Mr. Hodges beina: the actual manager
of the company. An inspection of the grounds will
amply repay a visit.
WASHINGTON HEIGHTS.
Among the many suburban places around Chicago
there is no one more attractive than the new one just
laid out on the north end of what is known as Blue
Island, a well timbered ridge of the highest elevation
of any land within twenty miles of Chicago. This
new place is called Washington Heights, and is at the
junction (or near it) of the Chicago, Rock Island &
Pacific, and the Chicago, Columbus, and Indiana Cen-
tral railroads. The Rock Island road managers are
now grading another road right through the heart of
this tract ofland, on which they are going to run their
dummy train immediately, which will leave the depot
of the R;)ck Island road, on Van Buren, opposite La
Salle street, every hour of the day, and will make the
fastest time of any accommodation train out of Chicago,
making the timu from Chicago to Washington Heights
in thirty-five minutos. Eleg.int cars are already made,
on purpose to accommodate the rural loving public on
this route, and will be placed on the road as soon as
the dummy track is ready. The fare will be lower
168 Suburban
than on any other road running out of the city. The
Chicago, Columbus, and Indiana Central road are
already running* a dummy tw and past Washington
Heights three times each day, at a fare of seventeen
cents for commutation tickets, besides all the retrulnr
passenger and freight trains stop at the crossing of the
above roads, right in the center of this tract of land,
and the fare has recentty been reduced to a low figure
on all the trains. These facilities for getting in and
out of the city at all hours of the day and night,
together with the high and beautiful wooded land
which commands a fine view of the city and Lake
Michigan, will make Washington Heights one of our
most attractive suburbs. The facilities for getting
there by carriage are also fine, as Halsted street is
already graveled within one mile of the place, and will,
with the old Vincennes road, in which Halsted street
terminates, be graveled to Washington Heights the
coming season.
The company owning this new place is called the
Blue Island Land and Building company, and received
their charter the past winter. The officers are: F. H.
Winston, Esq., President, and Ueorge D. Walker, Esq.,
Secretary and Treasurer. Among the principal stock-
holders are Hon. John F. Tracy, President Rock Island
railroad ; F. H. Winston, Esq., Attorney for said road ;
Charles H. Walker, Esq. ; John B. Lyon, Esq. ; Thos.
8. Dobbins, Esq. ; L. P. Hilliard, Esq. ; Charles W.
Weston, Esq. ; Charles H. Hopkinson, Esq , and Jas.
Millikm, Esq., banker, of Decatur, 111. Messrs. Clarke,
Layton & Co. are the business managers.
Fine grounds are now being fitted up for picnic par-
ties, free of cost to the public, and accommodations by
railroad for the same can be had at any time. Beauti-
ful wide avenues are now being constructed by the
company, and the tract is being artistically laid off in
five and ten acre lots, by Col. J. F. Foster, engineer
and landscape surveyor.
ENQLEWOOD.
Englewood continues to attract the attention of real
estate dealers and business men in this city generally.
Suburban Villages. 169
There are three reasons for this, the main one being
that Englewood is naturally a delightful residence spot,
surrounded by beautiful groves, just the place for the
man of business to build his residence, where he may
enjoy the pleasures of country surroundings, fresh air,
shady groves, green grass for his children, and ground
for flower? and gardens — in fact, a place in which to
build a perfect rus in urbe — at a distance of only six
miles from the city. And this last is the second reason
for the popularity of Englewood. It is only half an
hour from the business centre of the city, by any one
of three roads, and its facilities of communication are
being increased every day. The third reason is, the
inhabitants of the place are enterprising, live men, who
are determined to do all they can to second nature in
making Englewood an agreeable and comfortable resi-
dence. They are gathering around them institutions
of learning of the very highest class, and otherwise
leaving no stone unturned to attract residents to their
village.
A very valuable tract of land, situated in this enter-
prising suburb, has recently been put on the market
by Mr. J. P. White, of No. 152 Madison street. This
tract consists of thirty-five acres, is known as the
Dickey tract, having formerly been the property of
Judge' Dickey, and is designated as the east thirty-five
acres of the north seventy acres of the northwest
quarter of section 21, town 39, range 14 east. It is
three blocks west of the Rock Island, Michigan South-
ern, and Fort Wayne railroads, just west of the Female
College, and three blocks north of the Normal School
tract, comprising the northeast quarter of the tract
marked on the map as Linden Grove. The lots are
among the finest effered any where in the neighbor-
hood of Chicago. Liberal inducements will be offered
to persons desirous of obtaining permanent building
sites.
HYDE PARK.
THE village of Hyde Park is the oldest of the sub-
urban villages of Chicago, having been laid out in
1853. It now contains a population of about 2,000 in-
170 Suburban Villages.
habitants. It is about six miles south from the Court
House, on the lake shore, and is reached by the Illinois
Central Railroad, trains running every hour from the
depot, foot of Lake street. Its contiguity to the city,
and facility of access, has made Hyde Park the favor-
ite suburb of Chicago. In 1856 Mr. Paul Cornell erec-
ted a handsome and spacious hotel, which is conducted
in every respect equal to the first hotel in the city.
During the summer time this is a favorite resort, and
Hyde Park is fast becoming to Chicago what Nahant
is to Boston. There are m my very elegant residences
erected here, and the gardens and grounds exhibit the
taste of a refined and cultivated community. There
are several churches, and both public and private
schools, The South-side Park and Boulevards will
add considerably to the attractions of Hyde Park, and
very materially advance the value of real estate. W.
H. Hoyt & Sou, of this city, will furnish every infor-
mation with regard to real estate in Hyde Park.
THE VILLAGE OF JEFFERSON.
THIS little town, comparatively unknown as yet, is
destined to become one of the finest in the vicinity of
Chicago, situated only eight miles from the Court
House, and two miles from the city limit, on the North-
western Railroad. Trains pass this station almost
every hour. Tuis point is the terminus of a number
of roads, centering here from the surrounding rich and
delightful country; one of these running in a due line
eastward directly to the Lake, a distance of about three
miles. Milwaukee avenue, one of the finest drives
leading out of Chicago, also passes through this town.
Along the avenue there are many fine country resi-
dences, surrounded by beautiful gardens, filled in their
season with every kind of fruit, flowers, evergreens,
and every thing that the eye delights to feast upon,
making this one of the most pleasing drives out of
Chicago. The village is located upon ground far above
the Lake, thereby rendering it an exception to most of
the suburban towns in the vicinity of Chicago.
Of late several gentlemen, having had their attention
Suburban Villages. 171
called to these superior natural advantages, have made
investments here, with the view to greatly improve the
the town, and render it one of the choicest and most
desirable places for country residence, especially so for
the laboring men of Chicago. The number of trains,
reduction of the fare, cheapness of rents, and the low-
price at which lots can be bought, must soon bring the
town into general notice. Churches of different denom-
inations are already planted here, schools established,
with the necessary hotels and stores, thereby affording
every necessary convenience.
There is not a laboring man in Chicago who is not
able to secure a home in this most delightful village
and pay for it out of his daily wages in a short time.
Would it not be wise, then, for all these parties to duly
consider this question before the speculative spirit of
Chicago has monopolized these now golden oppor-
tunities.
Further inquiries will be answered by inquirinfi of
Graham, Perry & Co., Room 8 Major Block, corner
LaSalle and Madison streets.
EVANSTON
Is a delightful and prosperous town situated on the
Milwaukee branch of the Northwestern railroad, twelve
miles from the city. It was originally laid out by Dr.
Evans, now Governor of Colorada. 'It is the seat of
several eminent institutions of learning, among others
the Northwestern Methodist Episcopal University, the
Garrett Biblical Institute, and several schools and sem-
inaries of excellent repute. Many of the leading and
wealthy citizens of Chicago have built elegant man-
sions, and here reside with their families. Situated on
a high ridge, commanding a magnificent view of the
lake and surrounding country, no more desirable
place can be selected for a suburban home. The social
intercourse is refined and high toned, and the educa-
tional advantages unequaled. Some choice lots can
still be secured. James M. Kerr & Son, Morrison
block, on Clark street, real estate dealers, will furnish
every information to parties desiring to locate in this
beautiful suburb.
CLASSIFIED LIST
or
FIRST-CLASS BUSINESS HOUSES IN CHICAGO.
IN the following list we present the names of none
but first-class houses in their respective lines of busi-
ness. The stranger visiting the city may rely with
implicit confidence upon the representations made to
him by any of the houses embraced in the list. The
figures in the last column indicate the page upon wnich
the card of the house is printed in this book.
Academy.
Christian Brothers, 99 Van Buren street 74
Adding Machine.
Waite, Charles, Jr., 94 Washington street 8
Architect*.
Boyington, W. W., Washington, N. W. cor. Dearborn street . ... 146
Winchell, John K., 129 Dearborn street 206
Art Galleries.
Carbutt, John, 24 Washington street 209
Hovey and Heffron , 58 and 55 State street 145
O'Brien, M.. 51 State street 147
Mclntyre, Peck & Co., 136 State street 8, 151
Opera House, Washington, near State street 203
Attorneys at Law.
Glyini A Gilbert, 8 Tribune Building 206
Awnings, Tents, Tarpaulins, Etc.
Gilbert Hubbard & Co. , 205 and 207 S. Water street 181
Baking Powders.
Royal Baking Powder Co., Agency 185 S. Water street 193
Banks and Bankers.
First National Bank, State, S. W. cor. Washington street 108
Greenelmura, Henry A Co., Lake, S. W. cor. La Salle street 184
Hibernian Banking Association. Lake, S. W. cor. Clark 18*
National Loan and Trust Co., La Salle, cor. Washington street.. 184
Smith, George C. & Bro., La Salle, cor. Washington street 184
The Marine Company of Chicago, Lake, cor. La Salle struct 185
174 Business Houses.
VanDeursen, W. P. A Co,. 106 La Salle street 182
Window, Ferd. S., 2 S. Clark street 186
Boot and Shoe Manufacturers.
Dogpett, Bassett tt Hills, 29 and 81 Lake st. and 86 and 88
Wabash av 161, 180
Breioeries.
Sands' Ale Brewing Co. , Pearson , cor. Pine St 194
California Wines.
Perkins, Stern & Co,84and86La Salle street 190
Clothing.
Belding, G. T., 96 and 98 Randolph 2W
Commission Merchants.
Scanlan A Fitzgibbon, (General) 191 S. Water street 204
Sturges, McAllister & Co., (Wooien and Cotton Goods) 80 and 82
Wabash av 216
Confectionery Manufacturers.
Page, M. E. 4 Co. , 24 Michigan ar 203
Scanlan Bros. A Colburn, 78 SHate street 204
Dry Good*, Wholesale.
Farwell, John V. A Co., 42, 44 and 46 Wabash avenue 221
Field, Palmer & Leiter, Stnte, N. E. cor. Washington street 159
Bowen, Whitman & Winslow 219
Druggists, Wholesale.
Dwyer. E. P. A Co., 92 and 94 Lake street 18
Lord A Smith 217
Engravers on Wood.
Maas A Mantz, Reynolds' Block 208
European Freight Express.
Webster's Express, Chamber of Commerce 187
European Passage Offices.
Green cbaum, H. A Co., La Salie, cor. Lake street 184
Hibernian Banking Association, Lake, S. W. cor. Clark street.... 188
Rowe, S., Adams House, Lake, N. W. cor. Michigan avenue 190
Winslow, Ferd. S.,28. Clark street 186
Fancy Groceries.
Scanlan Bros. A Colburn, 73 State street 204
Fine Art Goods.
Mclntyre, Peck A Co., 186 State street 8
O'Brien, M., 51 State street 147
Fire Extinguisher.
Northwestern Fire Extinguisher Co., 122 Washington street 207
Foreign Exchange Dealers.
Greenebauro, Henry A Co., Lake, cor. Lasalle street 184
National Loan A Trust Co., La Salle, cor. Washington street 184
The Marine Company of Chicago, Lake, cor. La Salle street 185
Winslow, Ferd. S.,28. Clark street 186
business Houses. 175
Freight Agents.
Walsh, J. & Co., Chamber of Commerce 187
Gents' Furnishing Good*.
WHkowsky. D. Sr. , 64 and 6(» Randolph and 66, 69 and TO State at. 181
Growers, Wholesale,
Doane, J. W. A Co., 49 and 51 Michigan avenue 198
Hardware, General and Building.
Wayne, J. L. & Son, 190 Lake street 203
Hats, Caps and Furs.
Keith Brothers 218
Hotel*.
Briggs House, Randolph, cor. Wells street 138
Laclede Hotel, W Madison, cor. Canal street 198
Tremont House, Dearborn and Lake streets 137
India, Pale Ale and Lager- Beer Brewers.
Sands' Ale Brewing Co., Pears >n, cor. Pine street 196
Insurance Companies.
Commercial Insurance Company, Ifi2 Washington street Ill
Home Insurance Company, Pope's Block 11!)
Merchants Insurance Company, La Salle, cor. Washington st.105, 110
Putnam Life Insurance Company 115
Republic Insurance Company 117
Phoenii Insurance Company 118
Firemens Insurance Company, La Salle. cor. Washington street .. 114
Washington Life, La Salle, cor. Washington street 117
Labor Exchange.
Hunter* Wood, 92 Randolph street 197
Medical Institutes. '
Chicago Hotel for Invalids, S. Clark, cor. Jackson street 99
Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, Reynolds Block 100
Dr. Justin Hayes 98
Dr. Trine's Movement Cure, 13<> State street 195
Mf.rc.hant Taihrs
fielding, G. T. & Co. , 96 and 98 Randolph street 200
Brown & Matthews, 93 Wabash avenue.. 180
Witkowsky, D., Sr., 64 and 66 Randolph, and 66, 68 and 70
State streets 214
Ocean Steamship Lines.
Allan Line, (Ferd. S. Winslbw, Agent) 2 S. Clark street 186
Cunard Line, office Adams House, Lake st. cor. Michigan avenue. 190
National Steamship Line, 16 Chamber of Commerce 187
Paints. Oils and Glass.
Dwyer, E. P. A Co., 92 and 94 Lake street 18
Parlor Billiard Tables.
Mclntyre, Peck & Co., 186 State street 8
Pawnbrokers.
Goldsmid, A. & Co.. 281 Clark street 216
176 Business Houses.
Photograph Galleries.
Carbutt's, 24 Washington street 209
Hall's, 122 Lake street 210
Piano Forle Dealer*.
Sea, S. W. A Co., Portland Block 211
Planing MM.
Russell, S. I., Fulton, near Jefferson street 155
Produce and Comminnion Merchant*.
Bcanlan* Pitzgibbon, 191 S. Water street 204
Railway and Transportation Lines.
Michigan Southern R. R., Ticket office under Sherman House;
Depot, Van Buren, opposite La Sal! e street 183
Goodrich Line, Office, dock below Rush street bridge 195, 191
Union Pacific Railroad, 72 La Salle street 189
Real Estate Dealer*.
Averill, J. A., 7 Metropolitan Block 215
Baird & Bradley, 90 La Salle street 6
Banker, Bros. & Greene, 181 La SaMe street •
Boyden, N. B. , 106 Madison street 206
Boyden & Grierson, 94 La Salle street 4
Bragg, P. A. & Co. , 12.1 Dearborn street 208
Burchell, J. E. & Co., 122 Washingt -n street 207
Chandler, J. B. , 125 Dearborn street .• 208
Clark, Streeter & Co., 122 Washington street 7
Clarke, Layton A Co., 128 Washington street 2
De Loynes & Parent, 2 .Major Block
Gaubert, C. H. A Co., 144 Madison street
Givins A Gilbert, 8 Tribune Kuildin- 206
Graham, Perry A Co., Major Block 2:8
Higginson, G. M. . 7 Metropolitan Block 215
Hitt, Hardin A Hitt, 10 Tribune Building 206
Hodges A Van Allen, Major Block 107
Hubb.,rd A Jackson, 12! Dearborn street 215
Illinois Central R. R. Land Department, 53 Michigan avenue 223
Kerfoot.S. H. A Co., 71 Dearborn street 219
Kerfoot, W. D., 87 Washington street Back cover
Kerr, J. M. A Son. Morrison Block 169
Kinzie Bros., 104 Madison street 8
Mann A Day, 17 Tribune Building 195
Norris, G. H. A Co., 128 Lake street . 211
Olinger, Waller A Co., 7 Union Building 8
Phare, W. H. A Co., 115 Dearborn street 12
Rice A Wad9w>rth, 87 Washington street -"'-
Scoville A Harvey, 1 Metropolitan Block 220
Pnyder A Lee, 4 Metropolitan Block 5
White, J. P., 152 Madison street 168
Waite, Geo. W. A Son 9 Tribune Building 215
Warren A Goodrich, 125 Dearborn street 6
lteata.urai»ts.
Collins A McGuire, 119 Dearborn street 139
Smith and Odlin, 81 Clark street 141
Business Houses. 177
Savings" Banks.
Hibernian Banking Association, Lake, S. W. cor. Clark street.... 183
Merchant's, Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank, 13 Clark street 105
Scales and Balances.
Fairbanks', 226 and 228 Lake street 211
Sampson Scale Co., Lake, N. W. cor. La Salle street 212
School Furniture.
Andrews, A. II. & Co , 111 State street 18
Ship Chandlers.
Gilbert Hubbard & Co. , 205 and 20T S. Water street 181
Tea and Coffee. Importer «.
East India Tea Company, 83 State and 116 Clark streets 163, 216
Theatre.
Aiken's Dearborn Theatre . . 105
Ticket Offices.
Rowe, 8., Adams House, Lake, cor. Michigan avenue 190
Tintypes and ferrotypes.
Hall's Gallery, 122 Lake street 210
Transfer and Shipping Agent.
Walsh, J. A Co., 16 Chamber of Commerce 198
Transportation Company.
Goodrich Transportation Co., Office on Docks, below Rush street
bridge 191, 193
Webster's European Freight Line, 16 Chamber of Commerce 187
Twines and Cordage.
Gilbert Hubbard & Co., 205 and "207 S. Water street 181
Vinegar Manufacturers.
Trussing, C. G. E., 339 and 341 State street. 193
Weigle, Fred., 189 and 191 S. Canal street 204
Wall Paper Manufacturers.
Howell, M. A. Jr., & Co., 117 and 119 Wabash avenue 179
Watches and Jewelry.
Tobin, B. F., 135 Clark street 169
Water and Gas Pipe Manufactories.
Walworth, Twohig & Furse, 225 Lake street 195
Wines and Liquors.
Mann, Shears & Co., 53 S. Water street 196
Myers, Sam'l & Co. , 268 and 270 Madison street 204
Woolen and Cotton Goods, Commission.
Sturgis, McAllister & Co., 80 and 82 Wabash avenue 216
Wool Dealers, Commission.
Sturgis, McAllister & Co. , 80 and 82 Wabash avenue 216
Wrought Iron and Brass Tubing, etc.
Walworth, Twohig A Furse, 225 Lake street 159
C. H. GAUBERT & Co.,
REAL ESTATE
AND
LOAN AGENTS,
Room i, Stone's Building, 144 Madison Street^
CHICAGO, ILLS.
HOUSES AND LOTS BOUGHT AND SOLD
ON COMMISSION.
LOANS NEGOTIATED. HOUSES RENTED.
RENTS COLLECTED.
TAXES PAID FOR NON-RESIDENTS.
Prompt and reliable information given.
We invite Corretpondence and Inquiry fcrtonatty or
by Letter.
We have a large list of VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR
SALE, to which the attention of the public is respect-
fully directed.
C. H. GAUBERT & CO.
178
ESTABLISHED IN NEW YORK, 1838.
I. A. HOf ELL, Jr., & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
WALL PAPER
The only Print Works in the West.
WAREHOUSE :
117 and 119 State Street, CHICAGO,
PRINT WORKS AT MARSEILLES, ILL.
179
Doggett, Bassett & Hills,
MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF
BOOTS & SHOES,
Have now received their NEW SPRING STOCK, which
they offer to the Trade at the LOWEST
MARKET PRICES.
BTASrUFACTUSE Iff CHICAGO
Custom-Made Boots and Shoes of Superior Quality,
And keep on hand the LARGEST STOCK of Goods in
their line to be found in the West.
FACTORY AND SALESROOMS:
29 i 31 Lake St., and 36 k 38 Waksh AY., CHICAGO.
ORDERS CAKEPULLY ATTENDED TO.
Brown & Mat hews,
MERCHANT TAILORS,
IMPORTERS OF
FINE WOOLENS FOR MEN'S WEAR,
ISTo. 93
CHICAGO, ILL.
180
G. HUBBARD.
GKO. B. CARPENTER,
GILBERT HUBBARD & CO.,
SHIP CHANDLERS
AND DEALERS IN
TWINES AND CORDAGE,
205 & 207 South Water St., CHICAGO.
We would call particular attention of the Trade to our Stock, as we
at all times have the largest and best assortment in the West of
Cotton and Flax Duck, all Widths,
DITCHING ROPES, MANILLA AND TARRED ROPE,
Bags, Bagging, Burlaps, Canvas, Oakum, Tar, Pitch, Tackle Blocks.
Chains, Coal Tar, Hoofing Pitch and Felting.
WBKE R®e*g, enriQ&ti mm ®m STIIL,
FOR MINING, HOISTING, OR FERRY PURPOSES.
Tents of every kind. Tarpaulins* Awnings, Wagon
Cavers of Plain or Rubber-Coated Duck.
3F« JLt -A. C3r S I
Of Silk or Bunting, as per Army Regulations, constantly on hand
or made to order.
181
W. P. YAK DEURBEN & Co., SWAN ft PATSOJT,
Chicago, III. 50 Wall St., Ar, Y.
W. P. VAN DEURSEN & CO.,
BANKERS AND BROKERS
100 lL.a&£tlle .-*!-., CHICAGO.
50 Wall Street, New York,
BUY AND SELL, ON COMMISSION,
Railroad Stocks, Bonds, Government
Securities, Gold, Express, Tele-
graph and Miscellaneous
Stocks, at the
STOCK EXCHANGE IN NEW YORK,
ON MARGINS,
Al NEW YORK BATES OP COMMISSION AND INTEREST.
NOTES.
Acceptances or other obligations paid by telegraph the
same day in New York that Deposit is made
with them in Chicago.
182
HIBERNIAN
BANKING ASSOCIATION
SAVINGS BANK,
Southwest Corner Lake and Clark Sts,, - CHICAGO.
Kvct-lve Money on Deposit and allow Interest thereon.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.
Drafts on the HIBERNTA BANK of Ireland, and its Branches, In sums
to suit, of £1 Sterling and upwards.
PASSAGE TICKETS issued to and from all points in Europe.
OFFICE HOURS :— 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. ; also, Saturdays, 6 to 8 p.m.
183
NATIONAL LOAN & TRUST COMPANY,
Oonrt House Square, cor, LaSalle and Washington Sts,,
CHICAOO.
CEO. C. SMITH &. BRO.,
SAME OFFICE.
SPECIALTY OF COLLECTINGS
BANK OF DEPOSIT & DISCOUNT.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.
WE DRAW ON
England, France, Sweden, Norway, Denmark ; in Germany, on Prank-
fort, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Berlin, Bremen, Cologne.
Letters of Credit for Travelers on the American House of DREXEL,
HARJES & CO., Paris.
GOLD DBAFTS ON NEW YORK AND CANADA.
HENRY GREENEBAUM& CO.
THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED BANKING HOUSE
IN CHICAGO.
We transact a legitimate Banking Business, Receive Deposits on
Current Accounts, Discount to Depositors at bank rates, and issue
DRAFTS AND LETTERS OP CREDIT
On New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis
and Milwaukee ; also on San Francisco, Cal., and the principal cities
in Great Britain and Ireland, Norway and Sweden, Holland, France,
Italy, Switzerland and Germany. Issue Passage Orders from and to
all European Ports, by Steam and Sailing Vessels.
We shall be happy to receive applications from responsible parties
at all desirable points to enter into arrangements with us for the sale
of our Exchange on our correspondents abroad.
Travelers to Europe can procure of the undersigned LETTERS OF
CREDIT available throughout England, France, Germany, Switzer-
land, Italy, etc., thus incurring the expense of premium on gold only
on the amount actually used while abroad.
184
THE MARINE COMPANY
OF CHICAGO.
Office, Cor. Lake and La Salle Sts.
CAPITAL, ... $500,000.
ASSETS, ... $507,434.27.
J, YOUNG SOAMMON, President,
JOHN M, UNDERWOOD, Vice-Prea,
SAMUEL S, ROGERS, Secretary,
EUGENE 0, LONG, Treasurer,
GENERAL BANKING AND EXCHANGE.
Allow interest on Savings and Trust Deposits.
Sell Drafts for £1 and over on LONDON; also on the following
Cities and Towns in Ireland, viz i
DUBLIN, CORK, LIMERICK, LONDONDERRY, BELFAST,
WATERFORD, GAL WAY, ATHLONE, KILKENNY,
BALLINA AND ENNISKILLEN.
DRAW ALSO ON
PARIS, BERLIN, FRANKFORT, HAMBURG, BREMEN,
GENEVA, BASLE, ZURICH, COLOGNE,
AND KCENIG8BERG.
Persons proposing to visit Europe, Egypt, or the
Holy Land, can make as satisfactory arrangements for
Letters of Credit with this institution as at the East.
ROBERT REID, Manager.
185
OCEAN STEAMSHIPS.
ALLAN LINE
OF OCEAN STEAMERS.
The Montreal Ocean Steamship Company's
POWERFUL MAIL STEAMERS,
Sailing Every Saturday
FROM QUEBEC FOR LIVERPOOL,
Calling at Londonderry to land passengers and mails. Eighteen first-
class Steamers. Most direct and convenient route for travelers to
Europe.
Railway fare to Quebec same as to New York. Fare from Quebec to
Liverpool, first-class, $SO and $70 gold, according to position of sleep-
ing cabins, all having the same privilege in the saloons.
Tourists' tickets at reduced prices.
Steerage passage, $30 currency. Passage certificates from Europe
to all points in the Northwest at cheapest rates. Regular physicians
employed on all steamers.
Apply to H. & A. ALLAN, in Montreal, or at the
GENERAL WESTERN AGENCY,
No. 9 South Clark St., Chicago,
Where cabin plans may be seen and berths secured for any steamer.
TEfiD. S, WINSLOW,
FINANCIAL.
FERD. S. WINSLOW,
FOREIGN BANKING OFFICE
No. 2 South Clark Street, Loomis Building,
BELLS GOLD AND GOLD CHECKS ON NEW
YORK AT NEW YORK RATES,
Drafts for sale, in sums to suit, on England, France, Germany, Scan-
dinavia, Ac.
186
NATIONAL STEAM SHIP COMPANY.
(LIMITED.)
BRITISH STEAM SHIPS.
LOUISIANA - 2,166 Tons,
VIRGINIA - 2,875 "
QUEEN - - 3,517 "
DENMABK - 3,117 "
FEANCE .
ENGLAND - 3,450 Tons,
EEIN - - - 3,310 "
HELVETIA - 3,315 "
PENNSYLVANIA, 2,872 "
3,880 Tons,
Sail from NEW YORK every SATURDAY, from
Pier 47, North River.
Accommodations for Passengers good as — if not
superior — to any other Line.
Cabin— New York to Liverpool - - - $100
and Eeturn - 180
Steerage ........ 30
Through Bills of Lading given from all parts in the
Northwest to Liverpool, London, Glasgow, Dublin,
Belfast and Londonderry ; and Time guaranteed
through to Liverpool in THIRTY days, via
"WEBSTER'S EUROPEAN FREIGHT LINE."
S. T. WEBSTER, General Western Agent,
/# Chamber of Commerce* CAicaffOf Itt.
F. W. J. HURST, Manager,
69 Broadway^ New Tork.
W, B, MACALISTEE, General Manager,
LIYERFOOL.
187
CHANGE OF TIME.
and
APRIL 26,
EXPRESS TRAINS,
WILL LEAVE
CHICAGO FOR BUFFALO,
VIA.
MICHIGAN SOUTHERN
AND
LAKE SHORE RAI LWAY,
AS FOLLOWS:
8:00 a.m., 5:15 and 9:00 p.m.
The only line running through trains between Chi-
cago and Buffalo in direct connection with New York
Central and Erie Railway.
TheJ5:15 P.M. train leaves Chicago daily. All trains
stop at Twenty-Second St. to take and leave passengers.
F. E. MORSE,
Gen. Passenger Agent.
188
KAILROAD FROM THE ATLANTIC to the PAOITIO,
GRAND OPENING
OF THB
UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD.
_J
j i^
PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE
BKJiL^m
On the Arrival of Trains from the East.
THROUGH to SAN FRANCISCO
In leas than Four days, avoiding the Dangers of the Sea 1
Travelers for Pleasure, Health or Business,
Will find a trip over the Rocky Mountains Healthy and Pleasant.
ON THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD.
PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CAES
RUN WITH ALL THROUGH PASSENGER TRAINS.
GOLD, SILVER AND OTHER MINERS!
Now is the time to seek your Fortunes in Nebraska, Wyoming, Arizona,
Washington, Dakotah, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, Montana,
New Mexico, Idaho, Nevada or California.
CONNECTIONS MADE AT
Cheyenne for Denver, Central City and Santa Fe.
AT OGDEN AND CORINNE FOR HELENA,
BOISE CITY, VIRGINIA CITY, SALT LAKE CITY & AEIZONA,
Through Tickets for sale at all principal Railroad Offices.
Be Sure they Read via Platte Valley or Omaha,
Company's Office 72 La Salle St., opposite City Hall and Court House
Square, CHICAGO. CHAS. E. NICHOLs», Ticket Agent.
JOHN P. HART, Gen'l Trav. Agent, It La Salle St., Chicago; H.
BKOWNSON, Gen'l Freight Agent, Omaha, Neb. ; J. BUDD, Gen'l Ticket
Agent, Omaha, Neb. ; W. SNYDKR, Gen'l Supt., Omaha, Neb.
189
Cunard Line of Mail Steamers,
BETWEEN NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL,
CALLING AT QUBKMSTOWN.
AUSTRALASIAN, MALTA,
ALEPPO, PALMYRA,
CHINA, SAMARIA,
CUBA, SIBKRIA,
HECLA, TARIPA,
JAVA, TRIPOLI.
One of the above First-Class Iron Mail Steamers are intended to sail
as follows:
From LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) for NEW YORK
DIRKCT every SATURDAY.
From LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) for NEW YORK
via. BOSTON every TUESDAY.
From NEW YORK for LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) every
THURSDAY.
Certificates issued to bring out Passengers from any part of Europe
at Lowest Rates.
For Passage apply to E. CUNARD, Trinity Building, 111 Broadway,
New York, or to
S. ROWE,
Adams House, Corner Michigan Ave. and Lake Street, CHICAGO.
PERKINS, STERN & CO.'S
CALIFORNIA WINES.
We guarantee the absolute purity of all our Wines,
Being the PIONEER HOUSE, and owning the vineyards from which
nearly all our Wines come, we are able to offer them at LOWER
PRICES than good genuine Wines can be sold for by any other House.
As founders of the Wine trade in California, we have, in addition to
our own extensive vineyards, superior facilities for securing the
choicest products of the State.
We would ask especial attention to the fact that our ITou*e is the
only one officially endorsed by the California Wine Grower*1
Association, Also, to the following, from the United States Sena-
tors from California :
" We are satisfied that the firm of PKRKINS, STERN £ Co. sell only
genuine California Wines." C. COL«,
JOHN CONNBSS.
t3T" We would particularly caution the public against inferior and
fictitious articles sold under the name of California Wines, and ask
that we be judged by no Wines but our own.
Be sure and ask Tor PERKINS, STKRN t Co. 'a California Wines.
«fc OO La, Halle Street.
Represented by BENJAMIN BRUCE, Jr.
190
18GO. 18OO.
Goodrich Transportation Company,
e i r> E - w ii E E JL,
LINES.
NEW PASSENGER STEAMERS
MANITOWOC AND SHEBOYCAN,
Leave Alternately,
FOR MILWAUKEE
Port Washington, Manitowoc and Two Elvers,
Every Morning, Sundays excepted, at 9 o'clock.
The same Steamers leave MILWAUKEE for CHI-
CAGO, alternately, at 7 P. M., DAILY.
Saturday's Boat leaves for MILWAUKEE at 8 P. M.
TUESDAY EVENINGS and FRIDAY MORN-
INGS, Boats go through to KEWAUNEE and ALLNE-
PEE, stopping at all other Points named above.
FARE, Meals and Berths Included :
TO RAHINE, - - $1 50
MILWAUKEE - - 2 00
" PT. WASHINGTON 3 00
11 SHEBOYGAN - - 3 50
TO MANITOWOO - 4 00
•' TWO RIVERS - - 4 00
11 KEWAUNEE - 5 00
" AHNEPEE - - 5 00
TRAVELING BY THE BOATS, (Board included,)
CHEAPER THAN STAYING AT HOME.
Pare (Meals and Berths included) $1,00 less than by Eail.
ALL RAILROAD TICKETS GOOD ON THE BOATS.
Pare to Milwaukee, (Meals included,) only $2,00.
Shippers can rely on prompt dispatch of all goods delivered up to
8 o'clock A. M.
191
STEAMERS OEION AND ALPENA
WILL LEAVE CHICAGO
FOR GRAND HAVEN & MUSKEGON,
Alternately, every Evening, at 7 o'clock, Sundays exempted.
(Arriving at Grand Haven in time for Morning Trains,)
For Grand Rapids and Saginaw,
And all Stations on D, & M, R. E. ; also Connecting with
ENGELMANN'S DAILY LINE STEAMERS,
For White Hall, Stoney Creek, Pent Water. Ludington and
Maniatee.
Returning, will leave MUSKEGON every Afternoon,
and GRAND HAVEN every Evening, on arrival
of Trains from Detroit.
FARE LESS THAN BYNY OTHER ROUTES.
JOSEPH,
The Speedy Side-Wheel Steamer, COMET,
Will leave for ST. JOSEPH every day, (Sundays ex-
cepted,) at 10 o'clock. SATURDAY'S Boat will
not leave until 11 o'clock at night.
Returning, will leave ST. JOSEPH every Evening,
(Saturdays excepted,) at 10 o'clock.
FOR UREENliflilENOMONEE,
And all Intermediate Points,
STEAMERS TRUESDELL AND ST, JOSEPH-Semi-Weekly,
TruesdeU Leaves Every Tuesday Evening, at 7 o'clock,
Fare,—- Meals and Berths included :
To Washington Harbor, Bailey's Harbor, Fish
Creek, Green Bay and Menomonee ......... $6 00
OOOT> RICH'S OMIVIJBUS 3L.HVE
Will convey Passengers and their Baggage to all Hotels and Depots
for 50 rents. Baggage checked from Boats to all Hotels and
Depots, and also to any part of the City at Lowest Rates.
J^" AU Ooods .for above named Ports, xhould be delivered at
OOUDRICH'S STEAMBOAT LANDIHQ. For further information, Freight or
Passage, apply to
A. E. GOODRICH, President.
Docks below Rush Street Bridge.
192
J. W. DOANE &
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
&> £51 Midiig-an. A.venu.e,
CHICAGO.
CELEBRATED
Cider Vinegar.
A SPLENDID ARTICLE.
Warranted fure, and to Preserve Tickles.
First Premium awarded at the U. S. Fair, the Illinois
State Fair, and Chicago City Fair.
Largest Works of the kind in the United States.
OHAELES G. E, PRUSSINGr,
33O & CM 1 Wtivte Htreot, Oliicago.
Ask your Grocer for Prussing's Vinegar.
Royal Baking Powder
Capital ... SI 00,000
60 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK.
0. A. HOAGLAND, President. J. C. HOAGLAND, Secretary.
F. H. HALL, Vice- President. WM. M. CLARKE, Gen'l Agent.
Western Office: 135 South Water Street,
CHICAGO, ILLS.
13 193
S ^ 1ST ID S'
ALE BREWING COMPANY
ITrecl. -A.. *Wlieeler,
Corner of Pearson and Pine Streets,
CHICAGO, ILLS.
B :R, :E -w :E :R, s
INDIA PALE ALES, STOCK ALES,
PORTERS AND LAGER BEER.
194
WALWORTHJWOHIG& PURSE,
Wrought Iron, Brass anil
T UBI1VG,
BRASS AND IRON FITTINGS,
Locomotive, Marine and Stationary
BOILERS AND ENGINES,
STEAM WABMING- AND VENTILATING APPAEATUS.
OFFICE and WABEHOUSE, 225Lake St., J. P TT T P A P 0
FACTOEY, Franklin, Cor. Michigan, » \J H 1 U 21 U Ui
S. ». MANN. 8. D. DAT.
LOAN and REAL ESTATE OFFICE.
MANN & DAY,
17 TRIBUNE BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL.
Buy, Sell, or Exchange, all kinds of Real Estate, in City or Country ;
Pay Taxes ; also Negotiate Loans on Real Estate Securities, and buy
short Business Paper.
REFERKNCKS: — Hon. J. Y. Scammon, Chicago ; M. D. Ogden, Esq.,
Chicago; Hon. B. W. Raymond, Chicago; Messrs. Root & Cady,
Chicago.
DRS. J. G. & T. H. TEINE'S
MOVEMENT CURE,
136 STATE STREET.
Dyspeptics, Consumptives, Paralytics, those suffering from Neuralgia,
Rheumatism, Constipation, and all cases of Spinal Curvature and Fe-
male Weakness, will find the Movement Cure the most appropriate,
safe, certain, and agreeable means of restoration.
Call or send for Illustrated Circular.
195
MANN, SHEARS & CO.,
Importers and Jobbers in
WINES, BRANDIES,
And Dealers in
FINE KENTUCKY WHISKEYS,
53 South Water Street,
CHICAGO.
We make a specialty of
OLD COPPER DISTILLED WHISKEYS,
From Bourbon, Nelson, Woodford and Anderson
Counties, Kentucky.
196
NORTH WESTERN
LABOR EXCHANGE AGENCY
AND
Chicago Information and Garden City Guide*
OFFICE :
92 EAST RANDOLPH STREET.
Established, in 18G8.
BEST MALE OR FEMALE HELP FURNISHED,
ON SHORT NOTICE,
To Farmers, Merchants, Manufacturers,
CONTRACTORS AND HOUSEKEEPERS.
SITUATIONS FOUND
For all parties desiring employment.
INFORMATION GIVEN UPON ALL SUBJECTS.
BRANCH OFFICES
In New York, Boston, Detroit and Cincinnati
HUNTER & WOOD,
02 East Randolph Street, CHICAGO.
197
J. WALSH & CO.,
General- Transfer anil Skipping Apts,
16 <:HA.tlKI-:i£ OF COMMERCE.
Property consigned to our care will be promptly de-
livered in any part of the city, or transferred to any
Railway Depot or Steamboat Dock, and the lowest rates
of freight and insurance secured for shippers. Bills of
Lading made to shippers and consignees.
JAMES WALSH!,
AGENT
North-Western Union and Northern Packet Line,
16 Chamber of Commerce, - CHICAGO.
LACLEDE HOTEL,
J. A. SAMPLE, PROP'R,
Corner Madison and Canal Sts., CHICAGO, ILL
This new and commodious House is now open to the
public. It is one of the best and most conveniently lo-
cated Hotels in the city, being directly opposite the
PITTSBURG & FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO
& ST. LOUIS DEPOTS.
The building is a new brick, constructed on the most
approved plans, and finished up with all modern im-
provements. It is complete and handsomely furnished
with all New Furniture, Carpets and Spring Beds, and
has all the conveniences of a
FIRST CLASS HOTEL.
use art
d to th
198
Persons stopping at tkis House are assured that every attention
will be shown them that may add to their pleasure and comfort.
Dealer in
FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY,
Diamonds, Silver Goods, Gold Pens,
Spectacles, &c.
AGENT FOR AMERICAN WATCHES.
Sign of toe Golden Eagle,
135 CLARK ST., - COR. OF MADISON,
CHICAGO.
REPAIRING ACCURATELY DONE,
109
C. T. BELDINC * CO.,
Manufacturers of and Dealers in
Jr{
kj
CLOTHING!
96 & 98 RANDOLPH ST.,
COR. DEARBORN.
Clothing Made to Order
SHORT 1VOTIOE.
200
(See next page.)
201
M. E. PAGE. R. p. PATTISON.
M. E. PAGE & CO.
WHOLESALE
CONFECTIONERS!
24 MICHIGAN AVENUE,
Manufacturers of
GJ- U IvI,
CREAM AND CORDIAL ¥ORI
The Confectionery House of this firm, a cut of which appears on
the opposite page, is the largest and most complete concern of the kind
in the United States. They occupy the whole of the immense building
for the different departments of their business, and have spared no
expense in arranging it for turning out the different descriptions of
Confectionery manufactured by them, In the most complete and expe-v
ditious manner. The firm employ from 70 to 80 hands constantly, th eir
daily consumption of sugar being from 80 to 40 barrels, and their an-
nual sales will exceed a half million of dollars. The firm pride them-
selves on using nothing but the choicest brands of Loaf and A sugars,
and their goods have an extensive and well known reputation for their
purity and delicious Savors.
A visit to their establishment, where you will be kindly received
by one of the gentlemanly proprietors of the concern, will repay the
time and trouble taken. (Seepage 201.)
202
pent
ousc
rt
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,
AITKEN & FULLER, - - PROPRIETORS.
An American Review of the Fine Arts.
CHICAGO :
PUBLISHED BY J. F. AITKEN & CO.
OPERA HOUSE ART GALLERY.
CABINET MAKERS' HARDWARE.
g T. L. WAYNE,
§ J.L.WAYNE, Jr.
Represented by
ARLETON
COFFIN GOODS, TRIMMINGS, ETC.
AGENTS FOB THE SALE OP
AMERICAN BURIAL CASES.
203
EXCELSIOR VINEGAR WORKS.
FREDERICK WEIGLE, PROP'R,
Manufacturer of Cider, Pickle and Double
Kos. 189 & 191 8. CANAL ST. Cor. Jackson, CHICAGO.
All Vinegar guaranteed Pure, and to keep Pickles in all instances, and
of such strength as desired and agreed upon. First Premiums have
been awarded for my brands of Vinegar wherever exhibited.
SCANLAN BRO. & COLBURN,
S T 3B A. M
MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS !
AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IK
FANCY GROCERIES, CIGARS, &.C.
78 STATE STREET, - - VHICAQO.
MORTIMER SCANLAN. J. J. FITZGIBBON.
SCANLAN & FITZGIBBON,
Produce and General
Commission Merchants
191 SOUTH WATER ST., CHICAGO.
Particular attention given to the sale of Provisions, Flour, Grain, Drie
and Green Fruits, Ac.
SAIM'L MYERS & CO.,
DISTILLERS OF
RYE MALT WHISKY
ALCOHOL AND PURE SPIRITS,
Also, Manufacturers of WHITE WINE AND CIDER VINEGAR, an
Dealers in Imported Liquors,
268 and 27O East Madison St., (P.O. Box 188) CHICAGO
Rye Whisky of our own distillation, three and four years old.
204
AIKENS
DEARBORN THEATRE,
III A 113 DEARBORN STREET,
Bet. Madison & "Washington.
FRANK i . v i iv i : \ , SUM: i. s ;s i ; i: & MANAGER.
This new and beautiful Temple of the Drama, opened on the 18th of
January last, by FRANK E. AIKEN, and his Comedy Company,
acknowledged by the Press and Public to be
THE THEATRE OF THE WEST!
Is now in the full tide of success, and nightly presenting
NEW .AJVJD EJL.EOA.TSTT JEML.A.YS
To Crowded and Delighted Audiences.
THE COMPANY
Is the same that, for the past fire years, was at the Museum in this city,
when that establishment was open and under the manage-
ment of FRANK E. AIKKN, and are all recognized
ADMISSION ......................................... SO Cents
Reserved Seat in Dress Circle ..................... . . 75 Cents
Stalls, Orchestra Circle and Balcony ............... $1.OO
Family Circle ...................... *. .................. 3O Cents
Private Boxes ................................ £5.00 and $6.00
Admission to Matinee 3O Cents
Reserved Seats SO Cents
Private Boxes $2. 00 and $3.00
Evening Performance commences at qnarter before Eight— Afternoon
Performance commences at half-past Two.
RESBRVED SEATS can be procured at the principal Hotels, and at
the Box Office, from 9 A. M. to 10 p. M.
205
Iff. B. BOYDEltt,
REAL ESTATE & GENERAL BROKER,
Room No, 1, 106 Madison St., CHICAGO.
Large Lists of City and Country Property always for
Sale.
LOANS NEGOTIATED.
ISAAC R. HITT, late Agent State Bank. SETH W. HARDIN, JR., late
Cu*hman. ffardin & £ro.t Bankers. WILLIS M. HITT,
late of LaSalle, III.
HITT, HARDIN & HITT,
EEAL ESTATE & LOAN AGENCY,
Boom No. 10 Tribune Building,
Comer of Madison and Eeartora Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.
Loans negotiated and Taxes paid in all the States and Territories.
JAMES R. STANLEY, NOTARY PUBLIC.
BOBBRT C. GIVIXS. JAMES H. GILBERT.
G-IVINS & GILBERT,
AfTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Heal Estate Dealers and Loan Brokers,
OFFICE:
ROOM 3, TRIBUNE BUILDING, CHICAGO.
JOHN K WINCHELL,
ARCHITECT,
129 Dearborn St., Booms 7 & 8, CHICAGO.
Plans and Specifications for all descriptions of Private and Public
Bnildings, Stores, Churches, Schools, etc., furnished at low and
reasonable rates.
Orders Promptly Attended to.
206
J. X. BURCHKLL. B. F. JACOBS.
J. E. BURCHELL & CO.
DEALERS IN
Real Estate,
123 WASHINGTON ST.,
Improved and Unimproved City Property,
Suburban Lots, Western Lands, <Stc.
REFERENCES:— Lunt, Preston & Kean, and Tyler, Ullman & Co.,
Bankers, J. V. Farwell, Jno. B. Drake, Hon. Samuel Hoard, Chicago;
Theo. Polhemus & Co., P. Balen & Co., Phelps, Jewett & Co., New
York; Geo. H. Stuart, Philadelphia; Hon. Schuyler Colfax, Wash-
ington; M. W. Pond, J. 8. Paine, Boston; Gen. J. F. Rathbone,
Albany; Second National Bank, Gen. C. B. FSsk, St. Louis; Osgood,
Smith tt Co., Indianapolis; Wm. Reynolds, A. G. Tyng, Peoria; Col.
W. B. Smith, Omaha.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER.
$200,000,000 Worth of Property annually destroyed by Pire
in the Uuited States.
The Babcock Extinguisher is offered
to the Public as a remedy. Eighty to
ninety per cent, of all fires are dis-
covered in their incipiency, but there
are no ready means to put them out.
Five minutes delay, and the steam fire
engines may not control them, and if
in season to arrest the flames, the
damage by flooding the property with
water is often greater than by fire.
Two minutes with the Extinguisher,
when first discovered, would save all.
Delay brings ruin. "Prevention is
better than cure. "
Always ready ! Never fails ! Easily
carried. W vlglis only 75 pounds
filled. Six Gallons in the Engine
charged equal to 450 Gallons common
water. Charged in thirty seconds.
Can be re-charged in one minute.
Throws SIXTY FEET. Puts out
burtiing Kerosene, Benzine, Tar, etc.
Price, $50-00. Charges, 50 Ots. each. Send for Circular,
The Northwestern Fire Extinguisher Co.
F. W. FARWBLL, Sec'y, 1'2'2 Washington St., Chicago.
207
F. A. BRACC & CO.,
1STAT!
AHD
llonsso Renting-
LOANS NEGOTIATED ON REAL ESTATE SECURITY.
Particular attention given to the Payment of Taxes, Collection of
Rents, &c.
139 DEARBORN ST., CHICAQO.
JOS. B. CHANDLER,
Real Estate Broker,
Room No. 9, Speed's Block,
IVo. 135 I>EA.£iBOIi]V STREET,
Between Washington and Madison Sts, - - CHICAGO, ILL.
Large Lists of Improved and Unimproved Property always for sale.
LOANS NEGOTIATED.
Investments made, Titles Examined, Taxes Paid, Rents Collected.
WILLIAM H. RICK. t. W. WADSWORTH.
RICE & WADSWORTH,
leal Estate Brofcersf
87 WASHINGTON STREET,
Rooms No, 1 and 4. CJI1ICAX5O.
MONEY ADVANCED ON GOOD REAL ESTATE SECURITIES.
1YEAAS & MA1UZ,
REYNOLDS' BLOCK,
B. W. Cor. Deartora and Madison Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.
208
THE
BERLIN I!
PHOTOGRAPH!
From Re-Touched Negatives,
MADE ONLY AT
CARBUTT'S
FARLOR FLOOR,
Photograph Studio,
24 WASHING-TON ST.,
(Next to Wabash Ave.)
Has all the beauty of the Porcelain Miniature, and
duplicate copies can be had at same cost of ordinary
Photographs.
Operating Hours, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
14 209
H
TINTYPE & FERROTYPE
fil
LAKE
CHICAGO.
PICTURES OF ALL SIZES
Taken and Finished in a very few minutes.
Small Sizes only Ti eity-five cts. per floz.
LARGER, PROPORTIONATELY CHEAP.
Albums, Frames and Cases
O3ST
210
FAIRBANKS'
STANDARD
SCALES!
Nearly 200 Modifications.
Also, "Warehouse Trucks, Grain Wagons, Baggage
Barrows, Money Drawers, Letter Presses, &c.
WESTERN WAREHOUSES:
FAIRBANKS, GREENLEAP & CO.,
226 and 228 Lake Street, CHICAGO.
2O9 Market Street, St. L<wis.
Scales Repaired Promptly.
• •
IYIATHUSHEK
PIANO FORTE CO.,
DEPOT, - 1O9 DEARBORN STREET ',
Also, Agency of
PHELPS 4 GOODMAN'S ORGANS AND 1ELODEONS.
Special attention invited to the Orchestral (common
sized square), and Colibri, " the great soul in a small
body." The Patent Linear Bridge gives to these in-
struments marvelous power and uuequaled tone.
The two highest Diplomas and Medals of the Great
Fair of the American Institute, Oct., 1867.
Agents throughout the Northwest wanted.
SIDNEY W. SEA,
Gen'lAf/ent /or Went and Worthiest,
109 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.
211
G. H. NORRIS & CO,
ROOM 1, U. S. EXPRESS BUILDING,
Corner Clark and Lake Streets.
Entrance: 128 LAKE STREET.
AGENTS FOR
PURCHASE AND SALE OF REAL ESTATE,
For Leasing and Collecting Bents in Oity of Chicago,
ALSO,
DEALERS IN LANDS IN ILLINOIS AND
ADJOINING STATES.
Pay Taxes and Investigate Titles.
SAMPSON SCALE GO.
J. S. ORIFFITH &, CO.,
N. W. COR. LAKE AND LA SALLE STS., CHICAGO.
General Agents for the Northwest.
212
D. M. GRAHAM. J. W. FREE. D. L. PERRY,
Notary Public.
GRAHAM, PERRY & CO.,
Real Estate
AND
Loan Agents,
Eoom 8 Major BPk, cor, LaSalle & Madison St,
CHICAQO.
Parties looking for investments will find on our
books a choice list of Business and Residence Property,
improved and unimproved, in the city. Some very-
desirable acre tracts suitable for sub-division, outside
old limits.
1,000 LOTS
and 75 Acres, in tracts of from % to 10 acres, at Jef-
ferson, only 25 minutes by steam cars, and one hour's
drive on good plank road. Payments can be made
monthly, quarterly or yearly. Lands and Town Prop-
erty, improved and unimproved, in all of the Western
States, for sale and exchange.
213
D. WITKOWSKY, Sr.,
A Merchant of prominent standing- for twenty-two
years in this city, offers to the Public at the
STAR,
Clothing Store
AND THE
STAB HAT, CAP AND FUR STORE,
ONE OF THE
Finest and Best Selected Stocks,
That was ever offered before in his line in this
Market. He will give his personal atten-
tion to his customers. A very tine
line of
Gents' Furnishing Goods
May be found at all times in his Stock.
A fine line of
French, Belgian, German, Scotch and West of England
CLOTHS, CASSI1ERES, DOESKINS, AND RICH SILK VELVETS,
For the Custom Department,
AIVWA.Y8 ItE£»T OIV IIANO,
Nos. 64 & 66 Eaudolph St., and 66, 68 & 70 State St»
CHICAGO, ILL.
214
A. J. AVERELL,
G. M. HIGGINSON,
REAL ESTATE BROKERS,
NO. 7 METROPOLITAN BLOCK,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Sell on Commission First Class Business and Residence
Property, centrally located, Imp roved and Unimproved;
also Lands by the Acre in the City of Chicago and its
Suburbs.
A large list of Valuable Property now for sale, to
which the attention of the public is respectfully directed.
G. 8. HUBBARD, Jr. R. N. JACKSON.
HUBBARO & JACKSON,
REAL ESTATE AND LOAN BROKERS,
No. 121 DEARBORN STREET,
CHICAGO.
GEO. W. WAITE & SON,
EEAL ESTATE DEALERS,
JtOOM 9, TRIBUNE BUILDING,
Corner Madison and Dearborn Streets,
CHICAQO.
215
Grlrl JE3.A.T
EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY
83 State and 116 Clark Sts.
We Import our om Teas and Coffees,
AND RETAIL T HI-MI AT
NEW YORK CARGO PRICES.
STURGES, MCALLISTER & co,,
Commission Merchants for the Sale of
WOOLEN & COTTON GOODS
WOOJLi,
Nos. 80 and 82 Wabasli Ave,, CHICAGO.
«. If. MARKS.
s& co.,
Licensed Pawnbrokers
AND DEALKR8 IN
WATOHES, JEWELEY AND PRECIOUS STONES,
281 South Clark St., Corner Van Buren,
Prirate entrance on Van Buren, CHICAGO.
Liberal advances made on Merchandise of every description, and
Cash paid for old Gold and Silver, Gold Duat, Silver Ore, Old Coins,
Curiosities, Ac.
216
THOS. LORD, 53 Cedar St., N. Y. L. H. SMITH, Chicago.
G. W. STOUTKNBURGH, Chicago.
LORD & SMITH,
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
]\/J
EDICINES,
CHEMICALS,
PERFUMERY AND TOILET ARTICLES,
^PATENT ^EDICINES, JOINTS, PILS, ^TARNISHES,
BRUSHES, WINDOW GLASS,
AND
DRUGGISTS' GLASSWARE, DYE STUFFS,
And Manufacturers' Stock generally,
86 WABASH Av. AND 1 2 DEARBORN PLACE,
CHICAQO, ILL.
Orders Executed Promptly at lowest Market Prices.
QUALITY OF GOODS GUARANTEED.
Being now well settled in our New Store, No. 86
Wabash Avenue, and having greatly increased facili-
ties of every kind for doing business, we shall make
renewed efforts to merit the approbation of all who
may favor us with their orders. Our terms are cash,
rendering statements on the 2oth of each month.
217
0. R. KEITH.
EDSON KEITH.
E. G. KEITH.
J. L. WOODWARD.
Manufacturers and Jobbers of
MILLINERY & STRAW GOODS
Buffalo Robes, Buck Goods, Umbrellas, &c,
68 & 7O Wabash Avenue
And 3 A 4 Dearborn Place,
CHICAGO.
218
BOWEW,
&
WlWSLOW.,
DRY GOODS !
15 and 17 Randolph Street.
We Buy and Sell Goods on a Cash Basis, are under
light expenses, and are determined our customers shall
own their Goods cheaper than those of any other house
in the country.
Orders carefully filled at lowest rates.
219
JA8. W. SCOVILLE. J. D. HARVEY.
SGOYIIiLE & HARYEY,
AND LOAN BROKERS,
No. 41 Metropolitan B fockt
f
We have for Sale at all times a choice list of
SUBURBAN AND INSIDE PROPERTY,
NEGOTIATED ON THE MOST FAVORABLE TERMS.
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE MAN
AOEMENT OF PROPERTY FOR
NON-RESIDENTS.
220
A.TSD WOOLENS,
42, 44 and 46 Wabash
JOHN K. HARMON.
BENJAMIN F. RAY.
We make largest sales, because we sell cheaper
than our neighbors.
Orders will receive prompt and careful attention.
We do not interfere with the retailer by retailing
ourselves, but are content to sell only at wholesale.
221
S. H. KERFOOT. J. F. PIEKSON.
Chicago Real Estate Agency
OF
S. H. KERFOOT & CO.,
Established Seventeen Years.
We have, since 1852, been uninterruptedly engaged in the
General Real Estate Agency and Brokerage,
IN TEE GBOWING CIT7 OF CHICA30, ILLINOIS.
We manage Estates and pay Taxes in ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN.
IOWA, MINNESOTA, and the North-West generally. We buy and
sell Real Estate for residents and non-residents. We have, at our own
expense, compiled a most complete ATLAS OF CHICAGO, showing all
subdivisions of Lots and Blocks, the sizes and locations of the same,
and giving every information regarding Chicago City Real Estate
which an Atlas can be made to give. Our Office Real Estate Bulletin
always shows a Choice and Desirable List of Lots, Hlttcks, Lnnds,
River Fronts, Manufacturing and Business Property, al-
ways for Sale.
To Capitalists seeking investments we offer every inducement to con-
sult our Office, and we pledge ourselves to do our very best to protect
their interests.
The Unparalleled Growth of Chicago,
The unquestionable reality of her increase In Commerce, Manufac-
tures, Rail Roads, Grain Trade, Lumber Business, and all lines of
traffic, makes the growth certain to continue. The continuance of the
growth of Chicago, even at a moderate and healthy pace, makes
Chicago Real Estate Invi-ttttnent* better than any Stocks,
or Itoiul and Mortgage.
£^- We do NOT advise buying and selling. We counsel perma-
nent investments. These, when judiciously made, always pay when
held for a few years.
We invite correspondence and inquiry, personally or by letter, and
will promptly give the information asked.
Our Senior Partner is the President of the Chicago Board of Real
Estate Brokers, and its rules govern our office.
The Presidents and Cashiers of the First, Second and Third National
Banks, Chicago.
Sol. A. Smith, President Merchants' Loan and Trust Co., Chicago.
Hon. Win. Bross, President Manufacturers' National Bank, Chicago.
The Chicago Commercial Community generally.
Charles MacAlester, Ksq., Philadelphia.
William G. Harrison, Esq., Baltimore.
Robert J. Brent, Esq., "
Thos. H. Faile, Esq., Water St., cor. of Pine, New York.
John* Ferguson, Esq., 36 Pine Street, New York.
Franklin Haven, Esq., Merchants' National Bank, Boston.
Peter Hubbel, Esq., Charlestown and Boston.
John H. Shoenberger, Esq., I'ittsburg, Pa.
Hon. Lyman Trumbull, Washington, D. 0.
Hon. Norman B. Judd,
Hon. John F. Farnsworth, "
Hon. Robert C. Schenck, "
222
Farm and Fruit Lands in the Garden State.
The Illinois Central Railroad Co.
OFFER FOR SAI.K, IN TRACTS OF 40 ACRES AND UPWARDS,
G3O,OOO A<JK,E2S OF
All lying adjacent to this Railway, and none being farther from
it than 15 miles.
marvelous fertility, has a national reputation.
These lands are now offered at from $7 to $12 per acre, (with some
few tracts at higher figures,) rated according to quality and nearness
to stations.
TITLE IN FEE SIMPLE PROM THE STATB.
TERMS or PAYMENT : — These lands are sold on credit or for cash.
A deduction of ten per cent, from the credit price is made to those who
purchase for cash.
ALL STATION AGENTS ON THE LINE ARE PROVIDED WITH PLATS, showing
the lands for sale In their vicinity. Persons coining through Chicago
can call at the office in the Land Department Building, 68 Michigan
Avenue, opposite the Great Central Depot, where prices and a pam-
phlet giving information upon all points will be furnished ; or address,
by letter, for the same, to
JOHN B. CAL.HOUN, Land Commissioner,
Illinois Central Railroad Co., CHICAGO, ILL.
223 ,
-
ESTATE DEALER
13 3R. O »^ 33
• . .
i 1 4 r ..t i>f o tfe
PROPERTY BOUGHT, SOLD
'
Specia? attentioiri given t
Cincinnati,
ingtyu City, New Yr - -..- - :ugtot>
. '-OrleansjjM^bil^
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